Marcionism is a sect founded in A.D. 144 at Rome by Marcion of Sinope. It continued in the West for 300 years and in the East some centuries longer, especially outside the Byzantine Empire.

They rejected many of the writings of the Old Testament; specifically, the Law of the Covenant as expressed in the Talmud. It is chiefly for this reason that the Marcionites are believed by some Christians to be anti-Semitic. Indeed, the word Marcionism is sometimes used in modern times to refer to anti-Jewish tendencies in Christian churches, especially when such tendencies are thought to be surviving residues of ancient Marcionism. For example, on its web site, the Tawahedo Church of Ethiopia claims to be the only Christian church that is fully free of Marcionism.

The Marcionites also taught that the tetragrammaton did not represent an all-encompassing God, but rather the Hebrew perception of God which was either imperfect, or reflective of an entirely separate deity. According to the Marcionites, Christ was not the Son of this god, but was sent by Elohim, the name they gave to an all-encompassing and omnibenevolent God. The Marcionites associated the tetragrammaton with the demiurge. In distinguishing this deity from an omnibenevolent God, they took a dualistic stance shared by many religions of the Middle East, including the faith which grew to absorb Marcionism: Manichaeism. It is mainly because of these views that many Christians consider Marcionism a heretical sect.

They arose in the infancy of Christianity and adopted a strong ecclesiastical organization, parallel to that of the catholic, orthodox church. The Catholic Encyclopedia (1908) claims that they are considered by the Roman Catholic Church to have been the most dangerous foe Christianity has ever known. Marcionism is undergoing a revival, as part of the larger Gnostic revival inspired by the discovery of the texts at Nag Hammadi and popular works by authors such as Elaine Pagels and Dan Brown.

See also

• Christology