Marie-Anne Lagimodière, née Gaboury (2 August, 1780 – 14 December, 1875) was a French-Canadian woman noted as both the grandmother of Louis Riel, and as the first woman of European descent to travel to and settle in what is now Western Canada.

Gaboury was born in Maskinongé , Quebec, a village near modern Trois-Rivières. Her early life was uneventful, and she lived there until her marriage on 21 April 1806 to Jean-Baptiste Lagimodière. Although Lagimodière was originally from nearby Saint-Ours , he had become a Coureur des bois employed in the fur trade by the Hudson's Bay Company in Rupert's Land.

Immediately following their marriage, and in defiance of the custom of the time, Gaboury travelled to the west with her new husband. They went first to the area near the confluence of the Assiniboine and Red Rivers near what would later become the Red River Colony, and, eventually, modern Winnipeg, Manitoba. They overwintered at a Métis encampment near Pembina, North Dakota, where the first of her eight children was born on 6 January 1807.

The following spring, the Lagimodières travelled to the valley of the Saskatchewan River, settling eventually in what is now northern Saskatchewan, where they remained until 1811, living a semi-nomadic lifestyle among other French-Canadian trappers and their native wives. During this period, she accompanied her husband on many trapping and buffalo hunting expeditions, often venturing as far west as present-day Alberta. Accounts describe a life filled with adventure — her second child was born on the open prairie shortly after her horse had bolted towards a herd of buffalo, and on another occasion she fought and shot a large bear that had attacked one of their companions.

While trapping, the young family were once taken prisoner by Tsuu T'ina tribesmen because of their association with local Cree. Although they managed to escape on horseback, they were pursued for five days until reaching the safety of Fort of the Prairie near modern Edmonton, Alberta.

Before his marriage, Jean-Baptiste had previously been involved "à la façon du pays" [in the style of the country] with a native woman who had borne his children. Marie-Anne was tolerant and accepting of the children arising from this previous relationship, although the other woman was jealous and reportedly threatened to poison her. Despite this incident, the Lagimodières generally had good relationships with the First Peoples they encountered. She was often regarded as an object of curiosity by the Natives during her travels, as she was invariably the first white woman they had ever seen – some were even led to believe that she possessed supernatural powers.

On hearing news that Lord Selkirk was establishing a permanent colony at the Red River, they returned to help establish the new Red River Settlement in the spring of 1812. The early history of the settlement was characterized by struggles between the Hudson's Bay Company and its rival, the North West Company, culminating in the Battle of Seven Oaks in 1816. Although the Lagimodières managed to avoid involvement with the violent confrontations, Jean-Baptiste was asked by HBC representative Colin Robertson to take news of events to Selkirk. Over the winter of 1815 – 1816, Lagimodière travelled over 2,900 kilometers on horse and on foot in fulfillment of this mission. During this time, Gaboury was obliged to seek shelter among the indians when the Nor'Westers took possession of Fort Douglas. On his return from the east, Jean-Baptiste was taken prisoner by the Nor'Westers and was imprisoned in Fort William until August 1816. They were not reunited until September 1816, after the unrest had subsided.

In recognition of his service, Selkirk awarded Jean-Baptiste a tract of land near the Red River which the Lagimodières successfully homesteaded for many years. They had another six children, including, in 1822, Julie Lagimodière, the future mother of Louis Riel. Dying at age 95 in 1875, Gaboury lived to see Manitoba become part of the Canadian Confederation following Riel's actions during the Red River Rebellion of 1869 – 1870. She is sometimes remembered as the "Grandmother of the Red River", and many of the Métis people of Manitoba can trace their ancestry to her.

References

• Goulet, Agnès. Marie-Anne Gaboury: Une femme dépareillée, Editions des plaines, 1989, ISBN 0920944914
• Dugas, Georges. The first Canadian woman in the Northwest, Manitoba Free Press, 1902. [1]

External links

• Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
• A biography
• The Marie-Anne Gaboury cultural centre (French language)