Mary Whiton Calkins (1863‑1930), American philosopher and psychologist. The creed of Mary Whiton Calkins was one expressed through her four principal statements which were shown in her books; The Persistent Problems of Philosophy (1907) & The Good Man and The Good (1918). That, the universe contained distinct mental realities, and although the mind was from a lower level of existence, it emerged from that level to one higher that answered to new special laws. This level of reality was ultimately personal & consciousness as such never happened impersonally. She asserted that the universe was mental throughout, and whatever was real was ultimately mental and therefore personal. Concluding that the universe was an all-inclusive self, an absolute person and a conscious being. On several philosophical problems she agreed with Samuel Alexander but claimed to have a greater level of consistency than him.

External link

• Women's Intellectual Contributions to the Study of Mind and Society
• Women in Psychology