Meir of Rothenburg (c. 1215 - 2 May 1293), also known as Meir Ben Baruch was a German rabbi and poet, one of the important tosaphists of Rashi's commentary on the Talmud.

He was born in Worms, and studied in Germany and France, where he wrote a poem in reaction to witnessing the burning of 24 cartloads of Talmudic manuscripts. He taught in several German communities, but is primarily associated with Rothenburg, where he opened his own school.

In 1286, Emperor Rudolf I instituted a new persecuation of the Jews, declaring them servi camerae ("serfs of the treasury"), which had the effect to negating their political freedoms. Along with many others, Meir left Germany with family and followers, but was captured in Lombardy and imprisoned in a fortress in Alsace. Tradition has it that a large ransom was raised for him, but Meir refused it, for fear of encouraging the imprisonment of other rabbis. He died in prison; eventually a ransom was paid for his body, which was received for burial 14 years after his death.

Although Meir wrote no single major work, he left 1,500 responsa, and his disciple Asher ben Jehiel codified much of his teaching.