Michel Pablo (August 24, 1911 - February 17 1996 ) was the pseudonym of Michel N. Raptis, a Greek Trotskyist leader. He began a lifetime involvement with revolutionary politics in the late 1930s in his native Greece.

Illness found Pablo in France when the Second World War began. The same ill health meant that until 1944 he played little part in the activities of the French Trotskyists although he is reported to have given educational classes to David Korner's Union Comuniste . By 1944 he was fully involved with the movement and was elected to the newly formed leadership of the European Trotskyists who had recently established contact with each other.

At the end of the war Pablo and Ernest Mandel, often known as Germain in this period, became the central leaders of the Fourth International with the blessings of the SWP of America and James P. Cannon himself. In this capacity they jointly sponsored a faction within the British movement that opposed the leadership of Jock Haston in the RCP. The result was the collapse of the RCP as an independent force.

Pablo and Mandel were instrumental in these years in winning the Fourth International to a position that asserted that the Eastern European states conquered by the Soviet Armed Forces in 1944-45 had become what they described as deformed workers' states and for the expulsion of comrades who disagreed with this thesis from the FI.

Pablo also began to develop a new strategy for the FI from 1951 onwards. He argued that a Third World War, which was seen as being imminent, would be characterised by revolutionary outbreaks during the actual war. This thesis of war/revolution meant that to overcome their small numbers the Trotskyists should join, or in Trotskyists terminology enter, the mass Communist or Social Democratic (Labour) parties. This was known as entrism sui generis or long term entry.

In 1953 the American, British and part of the French Trotskyists declared themselves in opposition to this course of action and left the FI to form the International Committee of the Fourth International. The hostility of the ICFI to what became known as Pabloism became notorious. Pablo continued with what was now known as the International Secretariat of the Fourth International.

As the 1950s became the 1960s Pablo became more convinced that revolutionary prospects were best pursued in what was to become known as the Third World of Africa, Latin America and Asia. He was personally closely involved in supporting the Algerian national liberation struggle against France, which led to a period of imprisonment.

A campaign for his release was led by Jean-Paul Sartre, and in 1961 he was released and moved to Morocco. After the victory of the revolution, he became a minister in the Algerian FLN government.

By 1963 however the ICFI forces around the SWP of the USA were moving back towards unity with the ISFI and Pablo was a barrier to that unification. The reunification that was achieved in 1963 and formed the United Secretariat of the Fourth International rapidly led them to oust Pablo from the FI at the head of its so called African Bureau in 1964.

Nonetheless Pablo was not willing to leave revolutionary politics and organised the Revolutionary Marxist Tendency and the International Revolutionary Marxist Tendency based in France. They were never organisational competitors to the larger Trotskyist groups. Pablo's influence from this time then was mainly through his writings.

Most central to those ideas in the 1970s was his advocacy of autogestion which is often translated into English as workers control. However it would seem to mean something rather different to the traditional understanding of workers' control of production as understood in the workers' movement. By the 1980s however Pablo had been relegated to the past. Unusually for a revolutionary, his funeral was a state event in his native Greece. This is explained by his friendship from the 1930s with Andreas Papandreou who had been a Trotskyist in his youth.

External link

• Marxist Internet Archive on Pablo