Mohammad Javad Bahonar (محمدجواد باهنر in Persian), (1933 - August 30, 1981), was the second prime minister of Iran following the 1979 revolution, and the secretary-general of the Islamic Republic Party .

Bahonar was born in Kerman, Iran. He was a cleric who was imprisoned for anti-government activities during the 1960s. However, he had not been active in politics for a long time before the Revolution, but was co-authoring textbooks in Islamic studies. But after the revolution, he became a founding member of the Islamic Republic party, and an original member of the Council of Revolution of Iran . He was chosen as the Minister of Education under Mohammad Ali Rajai's prime ministership in March 1981, and continued efforts to purge Iranian universities of American and European influences, in what became known as the Cultural Revolution . When Rajai became President on August 4, 1981, he chose Bahonar as his prime minister.

After Mohammad Beheshti was assassinated on June 28, 1981, Bahonar became the secretary-general of the Islamic Republic party, but he didn't last long in that position, nor in the position of Prime Minister, as he was assassinated after less than two months in these offices, along with Rajai and other party leaders, when a bomb exploded at the Islamic Republican Party office in Tehran.