Newton Booth (December 30, 1825–July 14, 1892) was an American politician.

Born in Salem, Indiana, he attended the common schools and graduated from Asbury University, later DePauw University. He studied law in Terre Haute, Indiana and was admitted to the bar in 1850. In the same year he moved to California, where he temporarily engaged in the wholesale grocery business at Sacramento. He returned to Terre Haute in 1857 and engaged in the practice of law until 1860, when he returned to Sacramento, and again engaged in mercantile pursuits.

Booth was elected to the California State Senate in 1862, serving in 1863, and was Governor of California from December 8, 1871 to February 27, 1875, when he resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.

Elected as an Anti-Monopolist , he served as a Senator from March 4, 1875, to March 3, 1881; he was not a candidate for reelection in 1880. During his time in the Senate he served as chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Manufacturers and the U.S. Senate Committee on Patents , both during the 45th Congress .

After serving in Congress, he returned to his wholesale mercantile business in Sacramento. He died there in 1892 and is buried in the City Cemetery.