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Nitration

Nitration occurs with aromatic organic compounds via an electrophilic substitution mechanism involving the attack of the electron-rich benzene ring by the nitryl (nitronium) cation.

Benzene is nitrated by refluxing with concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid at 50°C.

(1) 2H2SO4 + HNO3 ---> 2HSO42- + NO2+ + H3O+

(2) C6H6 + NO2+ ---> C6H5NO2 + H+

(3) H+ + H3O+ + 2HSO42- ---> H2O + 2H2SO4

The sulfuric acid is regenerated and hence acts as a catalyst.

Science Fair Project Encyclopedia Contents Page
10-26-2009 08:16:03
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