This page is about Oldenburg in German Holstein. There is also a town Oldenburg in the former Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, the ducal and royal House of Oldenburg and Oldenburg, Indiana.

Oldenburg (in Holstein) (formerly Stargard) is a town of about 10,000 inhabitants at the south-western shore of the Baltic Sea. The nearest city is Lübeck. The town belongs to the (historical) province of Holstein, today in the state Schleswig-Holstein of Germany.

Oldenburg was the chief town of the Wagrians , one of the Slavic peoples that migrated as far west as to river Elbe in or after the 6th century (see Völkerwanderung), also known as Wends and Obotrites. The Slavonic name was Starigard or Stargard, meaning "Old Settlement" or "Old Castle", and the German name Oldenburg is merely a translation. To the Vikings, the city was known as Brandehuse, i.e. "the burned houses", indicating the bellicose times.

For centuries, Starigard/Oldenburg remained the Slavic competitor of Hedeby on the Baltic trade, until the counts Adolph I and Adolph II of Schauenburg and Holstein, supported by Henry the Lion, finally defeated the Wends during the first half of the 12th century.