Oliwa (Oliva) is one of the quarters of Gdansk. Population 2004 19,824 inhabitants on area 18.23 km² (population density 1,087 inh/km²). The interesting siteseeing is an old cathedral, kloster palace with park and botanic garden.

History

Monastery of Cistercians was built 1186 and Oliva became monastery village. In 1188 duke of Pomerania Sambor I of Pomerania issued a privilege for the German monks.

Important dates:

• 1224 (1226?) i 1234 (1236?) - incursions of Prussians
• 1246, 1247, 1252 - incursions of Teutonic knights
• 1295 - Pomerania is the basis for the reunification of Poland.
• 1308 - incursion of Brandenburg army. The monastery and Pomerania is annexed by Teutonic Order.
• 1350 - The monastery is destroyed by fire.
• 1433 - incursions of Hussites during Polish-Teutonic Order war
• 1466 - Second Treaty of Thorn: the monastery and Pomerania go to Poland, but then receive exempt status.
• 1577 - defending against Polish King's attempted conquest, Danzig (Gdansk) army destroyed the monastery
• 1626 - During Thirty Years War Swedish invasion by Gustav Adolph, welcomed by all Protestants.
• 1627 - a sea battle near Oliwa (Schlacht bei Oliva)
• 1656 - Swedish invasion
• 1660 - Peace treaty in 1660 between the Emperor Leopold I, Elector of Brandenburg, Poland and Sweden Treaty of Oliva.
• 1733-1734 - devastation during the war of Polish succession
• 1772 - First Partition of Poland: the property of monastery is expropriated by Prussian King
• 1807 - Oliva taken over Napoleon army, Kloster turned into hospital. Oliva is included into Free City of Danzig.
• 1813 - Russian army takes over Oliva
• 1813 - Oliva is again annexed by Prussian Kingdom

'1831 - Oliva Abbey is closed. The church of the monastery becomes a Catholic church, the second church is given to Protestants.

• 1864 - Oliva is extended to include (Polanki and Dolina Radosci) Schwabenthal.
• 1874 - Oliva is elevated to the rank of a city.
• 1907 - Jelitkowo (Glettkau) and Zabianka (Poggenkrug), Przymorze Konradshammer included into city.
• 1920 - Oliva is separated city inside Freie Stadt Danzig
• 1922 - Danzig bishop Edwarda O'Rourke comes to the newly created bishopry (eventually in 1925).
• 1921 - Herbert Creutzburg becomes major of Oliva. The city goes down into bankruptcy and eventually becomes one of the quarters of Danzig (Gdansk).
• 1926 - Oliva cease to be an independent city
• 1927 - The monastery palace is turned into a Museum ("Staatliches Landesmuseum für Danziger Geschichte"). The first manager is Erich Keyser.
• September 1 1939 - The beginning of WW II. Oliva is annexed by Germany to the province Danzig-West Prussia.
• March 25 1945 - Advancing Red Army captures Oliva. The land is given to Poland as Oliwa and Gdansk.

See also:

• battle of Oliwa

External links

• Map of Oliwa (*.pdf)
• History of the famous organ in the cathedral in Oliwa (in English, Polish and German)