Philosophy of psychology typically refers to a set of issues at the theoretical foundations of modern psychology. In psychology, the questions concern similarly foundational concepts:

• What is a cognitive module?
• What psychological phenomena count as knowledge?
• What is innateness?

and the problems raised from contemporary research such as the question of whether humans are actually rational creatures or not.

In this way, philosophy of psychology typically concerns itself closely with the work conducted in cognitive science, neurobiology, artificial intelligence, etc. Philosophy of mind, by contrast, has been a well-established discipline before psychology was a proper field of study at all, concerned with questions about the very nature of mind, the qualities of experience, or the debate between dualism and materialism. These issues arch over the generally more technical concerns of philosophy of psychology, and it may be said that all psychology and philosophy of psychology exist as subdisciplines of the broad projects in philosophy of mind.