The Prime Minister of Myanmar is a high-ranking official in the government of Myanmar (or Burma). The actual power that the position confers differs considerably based on who holds the office. The power struggle between the chief of state Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council , Senior General Than Shwe, and his Prime Minister Khin Nyunt ended with the Prime Minister losing his job and being arrested. Than Shwe is indisputably more powerful in his current position.

The term Prime Minister was adopted in 1948. Ten people have held the office since that point (with two of them doing so on multiple occasions). Due to the country's long period of military rule, it has not been uncommon for the Prime Minister to be a serving (or recently retired) military officer.