The Prince Kuhio Federal Building, formally the Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole Federal Building and United States Courthouse, is the official seat of the United States federal government and its local branches of various agencies and departments in the state of Hawaii. Completed in 1977 with a total of 929,857 square feet (86,000 m²) of working space, it houses the United States District Court, United States Court of Appeals, United States Attorney, offices of the United States Senators and those elected to represent the First Congressional District of Hawaii and the Second Congressional District of Hawaii. The Prince Kuhio Building is also home to the United States Secret Service, Central Intelligence Agency, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internal Revenue Service, Veterans Administration, among other entities. The building was named after Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole, heir to the throne of the defunct Kingdom of Hawaii and Republican territorial delegate to the United States Congress.

The Prince Kuhio Building was constructed to replace the aging Federal Court, Customs House and Post Office building fronting Iolani Palace and adjacent to Aliiolani Hale. The National Historic Landmark listed on the National Register of Historic Places was given back to the state of Hawaii and was renamed the King David Kalakaua Building in December 2003. Construction of the Prince Kuhio Federal Building was not without controversy. Statutes provided that all buildings between the shoreline and the foot of Punchbowl Crater could not be taller than the Hawaii State Capitol. The federal government, which was not legally limited by local statutes, defied the statutes and constructed the Prince Kuhio Federal Building to become the tallest structure in the path of the capitol building's view of the shoreline.