Before spectroscopy came along, the classical “wet chemistry” scheme for Qualitative Inorganic Analysis included the following:-

Analysis of Solid and Non-Metallic Substances

Preliminary Dry Tests

Heating in a closed tube

Flame colorations

Charcoal block reductions

Borax bead reactions

Test for the ammonium radical

Preliminary Tests for Acid Radicals

Action of dilute sulphuric acid

Action of concentrated acid

Test for nitrate or nitrite

Borate test

Preparation of a Solution of the Solid

General Scheme for the Separation of the Cations into Groups

Separation of Cations into Groups

Phosphate Separation

Analysis of Group I (Silver group)

Analysis and Separation of Group II (Copper & Arsenic groups)

Analysis of Group IIA (Copper group)

Analysis of Group IIB (Arsenic group)

Analysis of Group IIIA (Iron group)

Analysis of Group IIIB (Zinc group)

Analysis of Group IV (Calcium group)

Analysis of Group V (Alkali group)

Examinations for Acid Radicals in Solution

Sulphate test

Test for reducing agents

Test for oxidising agents

Tests with silver nitrate

Test with calcium chloride

Test with ferric chloride

Test for silicate

Test for fluoride

Test for cyanide

Test for chromate

Test for iodate

Test for periodate

Confirmatory tests for Acid Radicals

Analysis of a liquid (or solution)

Analysis of a metal or alloy

Analysis of Insoluble Substances

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Source: A Text-Book of Macro and Semimicro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis Arthur I. Vogel