Richmond Castle in North Yorkshire, England, stands in a breathtaking position above the River Swale and close to the centre of the town of Richmond. It was constructed in 1071 as part of the Norman Conquest of England and as a direct result of the slaughter of the Norman garrison at York in 1069 by English dissenters.

William the Conqueror put down the 1069 rebellion in the “harrying of the North” and as a punishment divided out the lands of north Yorkshire among his most loyal followers. Alan de Ponthievre (Alan the Red) of Brittany received the borough of Richmond for his part in the victory over King Harold at Hastings in 1066 and began constructing the castle to defend against further attacks from the north. The original castle had a French keep (Scolland’s Hall) but this was superseded by a 100 foot high keep constructed at the end of the 12th century by Conan the Little and completed by King Henry II. This keep, which has stood the test of time very well, was constructed on solid rock and has a very robust design with 11 feet thick walls and was built solely for military needs as Scolland’s Hall was retained for living quarters in the south part of the castle. Today’s visitors can climb to the top of the keep and it gives a magnificent view of the town of Richmond as shown in this link View from Richmond Castle 3.jpg.

At the same time that the new keep was built Henry II considerably strengthened the castle by adding walls, towers and a barbican. Richmond Castle has remained quite well preserved over the centuries, there are two reasons for this, the first is that the castle never saw any serious military conflict and secondly it was built from it’s earliest days almost entirely of stone because of the abundance and proximity of local stone.

The castle gradually fell into decay over the centuries, however, it became the headquarters of the North Yorkshire Militia in 1855 with military barracks constructed in the great court yard. The castle was used extensively during the First World War, primarily as the base of the Non-Combat Corps made up of conscientious objectors. The barracks in the great court yard were destroyed in 1935 but the castle was still used by the army in the Second World War.

Today the castle is looked after by English Heritage.

External Links

• Richmond Online website - plan of the castle layout and more photographs and information
• Richmond Castle's page on English Heritage's website