Ruaidri Ua Conchobair (d. 1198), king of Connacht and High King of Ireland, was the son of Toirdhealbhach Ua Conchobhair king of Connacht who had obtained the high kingship in 1151 but lost it in 1154 through the rise of Muirchertach MacLochlainn . His name has been anglicized as Rory O'Connor.

He succeeded to Connacht in 1156 and after ten years became high king like his father. His ill-advised persecution of Diarmait MacMurchada of Leinster furnished the pretext for the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. Ruaidri endeavoured to expel the invaders, but was driven west of the Shannon. He delayed his submission to Henry II until 1175, with the Treaty of Windsor which was negotiated on his behalf by Archbishop of Dublin, Lorcan Ua Tuathail. Under this agreement, he held Connacht as his vassal and exercised lordship over all the native kings and chiefs of Ireland; in return he undertook to pay an annual tribute, though the treaty did not put an end to the wars of the Norman adventurers.

He was usurped by one of his sons, Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobhair, in 1186 and driven into Munster. "However, by the advice of the Sil-Murray, was again recalled, and a triocha-ched of land was given to him." On the death of Conchobar in 1189 "the Sil-Murray sent messengers ... to give offer him the kingdom." This state of affairs did not last, for in 1191 he was reduced to "to request forces" from Tirconnell, Tyrone, the English of Meath and the Irish of Munster "to enable him to recover his kingdom of Connaught", which seems to have being taken over by his much younger brother, Cathal Crovderg Ua Conchobair . He was unsuccessful, and in compensation was given lordship of "Tir Fiachrach and Kinelea of Echtge."

In 1198, the Annals of the Four Masters state that Ruaidri, "King of Connaught and of all Ireland, both the Irish and the English, died among the canons at Cong , after exemplary penance, victorious over the world and the devil. His body was conveyed to Clonmacnoise, and interred at the north side of the altar of the great church."

The Children of Ruaidri

• 1 - Conor
• 2 - Murrough
• 3 - Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobhair
• 4 - Maurice
• 5 - Turlough, died 1239. Had sons Conchobair Buidhe and Brian.
• 6 - Aedh mac Ruaidri Ua Conchobair
• 7 - Aedh Muimhnech. Had a son, Conchobair, alive in 1236.
• 8 - Dermot, died 1221. Had sons Dermot (fl. 1237), Donagh (fl.1237), Murtough (k. 1237) and Cormac.
• 9 - Donell Mor. Had a son, Niall, killed 1242.

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
Muirchertach MacLochlainn | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |High King of Ireland
1166–1186 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
title vacant

Sources

• Annals of the Four Masters
• G Orpens Song of Dermot and the Earl (1892)
• W Stubbs's edition of Benedictus Abbas (Rolls Series)
• Miss K Norgate's England under the Angevin Kings, vol. ii. (1887).
• Giraldus Cambrensis, Opera, vol. v. (Rolls Series)