Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
SAMPA
The Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (SAMPA) is a computer-readable phonetic script using 7-bit printable ASCII characters, based on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
It was originally developed in the late 1980s for six European languages by the EEC ESPRIT information technology research and development program. As many symbols as possible have been taken over from the IPA; where this is not possible, other signs that are available are used, e.g. [@] for schwa (IPA ), [2] for the vowel sound found in French deux (IPA ø), and [9] for the vowel sound found in French neuf (IPA œ).
Today, officially, SAMPA has been developed for all the sounds of the following languages:
The characters ["s{mp@] represent the pronunciation of the name SAMPA in English. Like IPA, SAMPA is usually enclosed in square brackets or slashes, which are not part of the alphabet proper and merely signify that it is phonetic as opposed to regular text.
Problems with SAMPA
SAMPA tables are valid only in the language they were created for. The tables of languages are not harmonised so there are conflicts between languages. The result of this problem is that SAMPA cannot be used as an ASCII representation of the general IPA alphabet. To solve this problem X-SAMPA was created, which provides one single table without language-specific differences.
SAMPA was devised as a hack to work around the inability of text encodings to represent IPA symbols. However, as Unicode support for IPA symbols becomes more widespread, the necessity for a separate, computer-readable system for representing the IPA in ASCII decreases.
Wikipedia usage
In Wikipedia the usage of IPA instead of SAMPA is recommended — see Wikipedia:Manual of Style (pronunciation).
See also
- A concise version of SAMPA chart for English sounds.
- A more complete SAMPA chart of the sounds found in most of the European languages.
- Kirshenbaum, sometimes called ASCII-IPA is another ASCII phonetic alphabet.
- Table of Unicode characters, 128 to 999
- Table of Unicode characters, 1000 to 1999
- IPA, International Phonetic Alphabet
- IPA in Unicode
- X-SAMPA, a language-independent notation similar to SAMPA, but covering the entire IPA repertoire.
External links
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