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SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1)

In mathematics and mathematical physics, the Lie group SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1) is the formulation of the Standard Model as a gauge theory with the gauge group SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1) or SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1)/Z6 with a couple of fermion fields and a Higgs field, which is a (1,2)_{\frac{1}{2}} and/or a (1,2)_{-\frac{1}{2}}. SU(3) describes quantum chromodynamics, SU(2) describes the weak interaction* and U(1) describes hypercharge.

*Technically speaking, the Z and W bosons are described by a field which is really a linear combination of SU(2) and U(1). See electroweak.

There are three families of fermions, each consisting of the representations, (3,2)_{\frac{1}{6}} (q for left-handed quark), (\bar{3},1)_{\frac{1}{3}} (dc for the left-handed anti d-quark), (\bar{3},1)_{-\frac{2}{3}}(uc for the left handed up antiquark), (1,2)_{-\frac{1}{2}} (l for the left handed leptons), (1,1)1(ec for the left-handed positron) and (1,1)0c for the left-handed antineutrino, which is now known to exist. See Neutrino oscillation.).

The Higgs field acquires a VEV, resulting in a spontaneous symmetry breaking from [SU(2)\times U(1)]/\mathbb{Z}_2 or SU(2)\times U(1) to U(1)em.

Of course, calling the representations things like (3,2)_{\frac{1}{6}} is purely a physicist's convention, not a mathematician's convention, where representations are either labelled by Young tableaux or Dynkin diagrams with numbers on their vertices, but still, it is standard among high energy physicists.

Since the homotopy group

\pi_2\left(\frac{[SU(2)\times U(1)]/\mathbb{Z}_2}{U(1)_{em}}\right)=0

this model predicts no monopoles associated with the electroweak breaking scale. See Hooft-Polyakov monopole.

The Yukawa couplings of the scalar Higgs fields with the fermions produces the fermion masses after the Higgs field acquires a VEV.

See also grand unified theory.

Last updated: 06-04-2005 01:56:41
10-26-2009 08:16:03
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