The Sac and Fox Nation is the modern political entity encompassing the historical Sac and Fox nations of Native Americans. The tribes were always closely allied and speak very similar Algonquian languages, sometimes considered two dialects, instead of two languages. The Sac call themselves Asakiwaki (or Osakiwug) which means "people of the yellow earth" while the Fox call themselves Meshkwahkihawi meaning "people of the red earth".

The tribe has multiple separate groups and reservations. The main group, the Sac and Fox of the Mississippi in Oklahoma moved to near Stroud, Oklahoma in 1869 where they have about 2500 members and a 800 acre (3.2 km²) reservation. A smaller group (called the Sac and Fox of the Mississippi in Iowa or the Mesquakie) returned to their Iowa lands where they now have about 700 members and 4300 acres (17 km²) near Tama, Iowa. The Sac and Fox Tribe of Missouri separated from the main band in the 1830's and has 360 members and a 450 acre (1.8 km²) tract on the Kansas-Nebraska border near Falls City, Nebraska.