The Second Treaty of Thorn (Polish: Toruń) was a peace treaty concluded in the Prussian city of Thorn (Toruń) on October 19, 1466 between the Polish king, the Prussian cities, and duke of Pomerania on one side, and the Teutonic Order on the other. It ended the Thirteen Years War or "War of the Cities", between Poland and Teutonic Knights and which had begun with the revolt (February 1454) of the Prussian Confederation led by the cities of Danzig (now Gdansk), Elbing (now Elblag), Kulm (now Chelmno) and Thorn (now Torun) and the gentry against the rule of the Teutonic Knights.

As a result of the treaty the defeated Teutonic Order had to give back the occupied territories of Gdansk Pomerania, including Danzig; Kulmerland (with Kulm and Thorn) and also Vistula Mouth (with Elbing and Marienburg (now Malbork)). The Order acknowledged the rights of the Polish crown to rule over Prussia's western half (subsequently known as Polish or Royal Prussia).

The terms of this treaty were not recognized by the emperor nore by the pope, who did not recognize the Preussischen Bund (Prussian Confederation. The treaty was followed in 1467 by the Pfaffenkrieg (priests war against Poland) and the grandmasters refused to pledge any allegiance to the kings of Poland, due to their duties to emperors and popes.

The Order retained control of eastern Prussia, the cities retained self-government and the whole country rapidly turned Protestant. In 1525 its Grand Master, Margrave of Brandenburg Albert of Brandenburg adopted Lutheranism and assumed the title of Duke as hereditary ruler of Prussia. He gave a personal pledge to his uncle Sigismund I (see the Prussian Tribute), the area subsequently being known as Ducal Prussia.

See also

• First Treaty of Torun