Sholom Dovber Schneersohn (or Sholom Dovber or Rashab) (1860 - 1920) was an Orthodox Judaism rabbi and the fifth Rebbe (spiritual leader) of the Chabad Lubavitch Hasidic Judaism movement. The dynasty was originally based in Lubavitch, a small town in present-day Belarus. Since 1940 the movement has been based in Brooklyn, New York in the United States from where it has sent out thousands of young rabbis and their wives who have become teachers and religious communal leaders in almost all Jewish communities throughout the world.

He is also known as "The rebbe Rashab". With Rashab being an acrostic of his name.

Rabbi Sholom Dovber Schneersohn was the son of Rabbi Shmuel Schneersohn the fourth Chabad Rebbe, and the father of the sixth Chabad Rebbe Rabbi Joseph Isaac Schneersohn. He is noted for establishing the first Hasidic yeshiva, Tomchei Temimim . He was a prominent opponent of secular Zionism, and broke with the Agudat Israel organization.

Rebbes of Lubavitch

• Chabad Lubavitch:

1. Shneur Zalman of Liadi (1745-1812)
2. Dovber Schneersohn (1773-1827)
3. Menachem Mendel Schneersohn (1789-1866)
4. Shmuel Schneersohn (1834-1882)
5. Sholom Dovber Schneersohn (1860-1920)
6. Joseph Isaac Schneersohn (1880-1950)
7. Menachem Mendel Schneerson (1902-1994)

Time-line of Lubavitcher rebbes