Simon Denis Rattle (born January 19, 1955) is an English conductor. He rose to prominence as conductor of the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, and is currently principal conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra (BPO).

Rattle was born in Liverpool. He learnt the piano and violin, but his early work with orchestras was as a percussionist. He entered the Royal Academy of Music in London in 1971. There he was able to frequently conduct, and in 1974, his graduation year, he won the John Player Conductor Competition.

UK Career

In 1974, he was made assistant conductor of the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra, and in 1977 assistant conductor of the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic. It was his stint with the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra from 1980 to 1998, however, which drew him to the attention of critics and the public. Not only did he himself become much more prominent in this period, he also raised the orchestra to become one of the most famous in Britain. By the time he left his position there, he was one of the most recognisable of all conductors.

Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra

In 1999, Rattle was appointed as successor to Claudio Abbado as principal conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, widely seen as the most prestigious conducting post in the world. The appointment, decided on in a vote by the orchestra's members, was somewhat controversial, with many members of the normally conservative orchestra preferring Daniel Barenboim for the post.

Before leaving for Germany and on his arrival, Rattle controversially attacked the British attitude to culture in general, and in particular the artists of the Britart movement, together with the poor state funding of culture in the UK. He was attacked in return for his poor understanding of conceptual and visual art.

Since his appointment, Rattle has reorganized the Berlin Philharmonic into a foundation, meaning its activities are more under the control of the members rather than politicians. He has also ensured that orchestra members' wages have increased quite dramatically, having fallen over the past few years. His appointment remains controversial in some quarters, but reports indicate that the orchestra itself has been supportive of him, despite many of its members not voting for him. He gave his first concert as principal conductor of the BPO on September 7, 2002, leading performances of Thomas Adès' Asyla and Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 5.

Music

Rattle has conducted a wide variety of music, including some with period instruments (musical instruments contemporary with the music being played), but he is best known for his interpretations of early 20th century composers like Mahler, with a recording of Mahler's Second Symphony winning several awards on its release and being regarded by some as Rattle's finest recording to date. He has also championed much contemporary music.

In 2002, he conducted the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra to release a complete set of the Beethoven Symphonies.