Sinusitis is inflammation, either bacterial, viral, allergic or autoimmune, of the paranasal sinuses.

Signs and symptoms

It can be acute (going on less than three weeks) or chronic (going on more than three weeks). Sinusitis is one of the most common complications of the common cold. Symptoms include: Headache; facial pain; nasal congestion; fever; general malaise; thick green or yellow discharge; feeling of facial 'fullness' worsening on bending.

Factors which may predispose to developing sinusitis include: allergies; structural problems such as a deviated nasal septum; smoking; nasal polyps; carrying the cystic fibrosis gene (research is still tentative).

Diagnosis

X-rays may reveal thickening of the sinus lining. For chronic sinusitis, CT scanning is used. If allergy is suspected, allergy testing may be performed.

Treatment

Therapeutic measures include simple painkillers (aspirin, paracetamol (acetaminophen) or similar), inhaling steam, hot drinks including tea and chicken soup, over-the-counter decongestants, and getting plenty of rest. If sinusitis doesn't improve within 48 hours, or is causing significant pain, one should see a doctor, who may prescribe antibiotics or nasal steroids. If left untreated, sinusitis can lead to bronchitis and pneumonia.

For chronic or recurring sinusitis, referral to an otolaryngologist is indicated for more specialist assessment and treatment, which may include nasal surgery.

A recent advance in the treatment of sinusitis is a type of surgery called FESS - functional endoscopic sinus surgery, whereby normal clearance from the sinuses is restored by removing the anatomical and pathological variations that predispose to sinusitis. This replaces the less effective Caldwell-Luc surgery.

Alternative medicine

Holistic self-help measures include, fasting, digestive stimulants and change of diet. In accordance with Ayurveda this condition is understood to be caused by a digestive defect and is correctable with detoxification and digestive stimulants (ie trikatu) mainly a Kapha condition it is advisable to take Kapha reducing measures.