Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Spandex
Spandex or elastane is a synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity (stretchability). It is stronger and more durable than rubber, its major plant competitor. It was invented in 1959 by DuPont, and when first introduced it revolutionized many areas of the clothing industry.
Spandex is the preferred name in North America, while elastane is most often used elsewhere. A well-known trademark for spandex or elastane is INVISTA's brand name Lycra; another trademark (also INVISTA's) is Elaspan.
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Spandex fiber characteristics
Spun from a block copolymer, these fibers exploit the high crystallinity and hardness of polyurethane segments, yet remain "rubbery" due to alternating segments of polyethylene glycol[1]. This yields the following combination of materials properties:
- can be stretched over 500% without breaking
- able to be stretched repetitively and still recover original length
- lightweight
- abrasion resistant
- poor strength, but stronger and more durable than rubber
- soft, smooth, and supple
- resistant to body oils, perspiration, lotions, and detergents
- no static or pilling problems
Major spandex fiber uses
- Apparel and clothing articles where stretch is desired, generally for comfort and fit, such as:
- Compression garments such as:
- surgical hose
- support hose
- bicycle pants
- foundation garments
- Shaped garments such as bra cups
Production
The U.S. Federal Trade Commission definition for spandex fiber is "A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long chain synthetic polymer comprised of at least 85 percent of a segmented polyurethane."
First U.S. commercial spandex fiber production: 1959, DuPont Company.
Current U.S. spandex fiber producers: INVISTA; Bayer Corporation
See also
External links
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