Stop motion is an animation technique which makes things that are static appear to be moving. It is central to the popular claymation technique used on children's shows such as Gumby.

Stop motion requires a motion picture camera that can expose single frames. It works by shooting a single frame, stopping the camera to move the object a little bit, and then taking another photograph. When the film runs continuously, it appears that the objects move by themselves. This is similar to the animation of cartoons, but with real objects instead of drawings.

The great European pioneer of this technique was Wladyslaw Starewicz (Ladislas Starevich) from Poland, who animated The Beautiful Lukanida (1910) - the first puppet animated film. The great American pioneer was Willis O'Brien, who animated King Kong. His student Ray Harryhausen made a number of movies with the same technique.

More recently, stop motion has been used in the works of Aardman Animation, including the Wallace and Gromit films as well as their film Chicken Run. Aardman also produced commercials and music videos, notably the video for Peter Gabriel's "Sledgehammer", which uses a variant of stop motion called pixilation; this involved Gabriel holding a pose while each frame was shot and moving between exposures, effectively becoming a human puppet. More recently Aardman used this technique on a series of short films for BBC THREE entitled Angry Kid, which starred a live actor wearing a mask. The actor's pose and the mask's expression had to be altered slightly for each exposure.

Another more complicated variation on stop motion is go motion, first used on the film Dragonslayer, which involves moving the model slightly during each exposure to produce a more realistic motion blurring effect.

Nowadays the almost universal use of computer generated imagery has effectively rendered stop motion obsolete as a serious special effects tool, although it is still widely used on children's programming, commercials, and the occasional comic film or show such as Robot Chicken.

Even amateurs can try stop motion with most ordinary video cameras with a few simple steps:

• Use a tripod, a chair or something else to secure the camera;
• Toggle recording modes until you find the appropriate mode;
• Start shooting clay models, action figures, or any other desired object.

Software

• Anasazi Stop Motion Animator
• MonkeyJam
• Neuesvon Trickfilm Cam
• Framethief
• Stop Motion Pro

External links

• Low-Budget How-To and Freewarelist
• Complex Stopmotion-Website
• Effects explained
• The Museum of Unnatural Mystery

Related Topics

• Bob the Builder
• Art Clokey and Gumby
• Émile Courtet
• Camberwick Green/Trumpton/Chigley
• Cosgrove Hall and The Wind in the Willows, Postman Pat
• George Pál and Puppetoons
• Nick Park and Wallace and Gromit
• The Brothers Quay
• Rankin-Bass and Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
• Henry Selick and The Nightmare Before Christmas
• Ladislas Starevich
• Jan Svankmajer and Alice
• Jiří Trnka
• The Magic Roundabout
• The Herbs