Stromboli is a small island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, containing one of the four active volcanos in Italy. It is one of the Aeolian Islands, a volcanic archipelago north of Sicily.

Stromboli is remarkable because of the length of time for which it has been in almost continuous eruption. For at least the last 2,000 years, the same pattern of eruption has been maintained, in which explosions occur at the summit craters at intervals of minutes to hours. This type of very mild explosive eruption is known as Strombolian activity when observed at other volcanoes. Stromboli's activity is almost exclusively explosive, but lava flows do occasionally occur - an effusive eruption in 2002 was its first in 17 years.

The continuous mild explosive eruptions are also occasionally punctuated by much larger eruptions, which may generate earthquakes, pyroclastic flows and tsunamis. Large eruptions occur at intervals of years to decades, and the most recent large eruption began in 2002, causing the closure of the island to non-residents for several months. The largest eruption of the last hundred years occurred in 1930, and resulted in the deaths of several people and the destruction of a number of houses by flying volcanic bombs.

Stromboli stands approximately 900m high above sea level, but in total rises over 2,000m from the ocean floor. There are three active craters at the peak. A significant geological feature of the volcano is the sciara del fuoco ("Scar of fire"), a broad channel on the north western side of the cone. Eruptions from the summit craters typically result in lava rolling down this channel.

The word also refers to a turnover originating on this island made of pizza dough , mozzarella cheese, etc., also known as calzone.