7th Century - (600 - 699)

• 610: The first revelation in the cave at Mt. Hira .

• 613: Declaration at Mt. Sara inviting the general public to Islam.

• 615: Persecution of the Muslims by the Quraish. A party of Muslims leaves for Abyssinia.

• 616: Second migration to Abysinnia.

• 617: Boycott of the Hashimites and Muhammad by the Quraish.

• 619: Lifting of the boycott. Deaths of Abu Talib and Khadija, Year of sorrow.

• 620: Visit to Taif. "Ascension to the heavens"

• 622: Hijra -- migration to Medina. First year of Islamic calender.

• 624: Battle of Badr. Expulsion of the Bani Qainuqa Jews from Medina.

• 625: Battle of Uhud . Expulsion of Banu Nadir Jews from Medina.

• 626: Expedition of Banu Mustaliq .

• 627: Battle of the Trench. Killing and enslavement of Banu Quraiza Jews.

• 628: Treaty of Hudaybiyya. Battle of Khyber . Muhammad sends letters to various heads of states.

• 629: Muhammad pilgrimage to Mecca. Expedition to Mu'ta .

• 630: Conquest of Mecca . Battle of Hunayn . Battle of Auras . Siege of al-Ta'if .

• 631: Battle of Tabouk, Ghassanids

• 632: Farewell pilgrimage at Mecca.

• 632: Death of Muhammad. Abu Bakr elected as Caliph. Battles of Zu Qissa . Battles of Zu Abraq . Battle of Buzakha . Battle of Zafar . Battle of Naqra . Campaigns against Bani Tamim and Mosailima .

• 633: Campaigns in Bahrain, Oman, Yemen, and Hadramaut. Raids in Iraq. Battle of Kazima , Battle of Mazar , Battle of Walaja , Battle of Ulleis , Battle of Hirah , Battle of Anbar , Battle of Ein , Battle of Daumatul Jandal , Battle of Firaz .

• 634: Battle of Basra , Battle of Damascus , Battle of Ajnadin . Death of Abu Bakr. Umar ibn al-Khattab becomes the Caliph. Battle of Namaraq , Battle of Saqatia .

• 635: Battle of Bridge , Battle of Buwaib , Conquest of Damascus, Battle of Fahl .

• 636: Battle of Yarmuk, Battle of Qadsiyia , Conquest of Madain .

• 637: Conquest of Syria, Conquest of Jerusalem, Battle of Jalula .

• 638: Conquest of Jazirah.

• 639: Conquest of Khuizistan . Advance into Egypt.

• 640: Battle of Babylon in Egypt.

• 641: Battle of Nihawand ; Conquest of Alexandria in Egypt.

• 642: Battle of Rayy in Persia; Conquest of Egypt.

• 643: Conquest of Azarbaijan and Tabaristan (Russia).

• 644: Conquest of Fars, Kerman, Sistan, Mekran and Kharan . Death of Umar. Uthman ibn Affan becomes the Caliph.

• 646: Campaigns in Khurasan, Armeain and Asia Minor.

• 647: Campaigns in North Africa. Conquest of the island of Cyprus.

• 648: Campaigns against the Byzantines.

• 651: Naval battle of the Masts against the Byzantines.

• 652: Disaffection against the rule of Uthman.

• 656: Uthman is killed. Ali ibn Abi Talib becomes the Caliph. Battle of the Camel.

• 657: Ali shifts the capital from Medina to Kufa. Battle of Siffin .

• 658: Battle of Nahrawan .

• 659: Conquest of Egypt by Muawiyah I.

• 660: Ali recaptures Hijaz and Yemen from Muawiyah. Muawiyah I declares himself as the Caliph at Damascus.

• 661: Ali killed. Accession of Hasan bin Ali and his abdication. Muawiyah becomes the sole Caliph.

• 662: Kharijites revolts.

• 666: Raid of Sicily.

• 670: Advance in North Africa. Uqba bin Nafe founds the town of Qairowan in Tunisia. Conquest of Kabul.

• 672: Capture of the island of Rhodes. Campaigns in Khurasan.

• 674: The Muslims cross the Oxus. Bukhara becomes a vassal state.

• 677: Occupation of Samarkand and Tirmiz . Siege of Constantinople.

• 680: Death of Muawiyah. Yazid I becomes Caliph. Battle of Karbala and Husayn bin Ali is killed.

• 682: North Africa Uqba bin Nafe marches to the Atlantic, is ambushed and killed at Biskra. The Muslims evacuate Qairowan and withdraw to Burqa.

• 683: Death of Yazid. Muawiya II becomes Caliph.

• 684: Abd Allah ibn Zubayr declares himself as the Caliph at Mecca. Marwan I becomes the Caliph at Damascus. Battle of Marj Rahat .

• 685: Death of Marwan I. Abd al-Malik becomes the Caliph at Damascus. Battle of Ain ul Wada .

• 686: Mukhtar declares himself as the Caliph at Kufa.

• 687: Battle of Kufa between the forces of Mukhtar and Abd Allah ibn Zubayr. Mukhtar killed.

• 691: Battle of Deir ul Jaliq . Kufa falls to Abdul Malik .

• 692: The fall of Mecca. Death of ibn Zubayr. Abdul Malik becomes the sole Caliph.

• 695: Kharijites revolts in Jazira and Ahwaz. Battle of the Karun . Campaigns against Kahina in North Africa. The Muslims once again withdraw to Barqa. The Muslims advance in Transoxiana and occupy Kish.

See Also

Timeline of Islamic history