Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Timeline of programming languages
This is a chronological list of programming languages.
Legend:
- ( Entry ) means not a universal programming language
- * <YEAR> means no direct predecessor / unique language
| Predecessor(s) | Year | Name | Chief Developer, Company | ||||
Pre 1950 | |||||||
| * | ~1840 | first program | Ada Lovelace | ||||
| * | 1936 | Lambda calculus (concept) | Alonzo Church | ||||
| * | 1945 | Plankalkül (concept) | Konrad Zuse | ||||
1950s | |||||||
| * | 1952 | A-0 | Grace Hopper | ||||
| * | 1954 | Mark I Autocode | Tony Brooker | ||||
| A-0 | 1954-1955 | FORTRAN "0" (concept) | John W. Backus at IBM | ||||
| A-0 | 1954 | ARITH-MATIC | Grace Hopper | ||||
| A-0 | 1954 | MATH-MATIC | Grace Hopper | ||||
| * | 1954 | IPL V (concept) | Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon | ||||
| A-0 | 1955 | FLOW-MATIC | Grace Hopper | ||||
| IPL | 1956-1958 | LISP (concept) | John McCarthy | ||||
| FLOW-MATIC | 1957 | COMTRAN | Bob Bemer | ||||
| FORTRAN 0 | 1957 | FORTRAN "I" (implementation) | John W. Backus at IBM | ||||
| * | 1957 | COMIT (concept) | |||||
| FORTRAN I | 1958 | FORTRAN II | John W. Backus at IBM | ||||
| FORTRAN | 1958 | ALGOL 58 (IAL) | International effort | ||||
| * | 1958 | IPL V (implementation) | Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon | ||||
| FLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN | 1959 | COBOL (concept) | The Codasyl Committee | ||||
| IPL | 1959 | LISP (implementation) | John McCarthy | ||||
| 1959 | TRAC (concept) | Mooers | |||||
1960s | |||||||
| ALGOL 58 | 1960 | ALGOL 60 | |||||
| FLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN | 1960 | COBOL 61 (implementation) | The Codasyl Committee | ||||
| * | 1961 | COMIT (implementation) | |||||
| FORTRAN II | 1962 | FORTRAN IV | |||||
| * | 1962 | APL (concept) | Iverson | ||||
| ALGOL 58 | 1962 | MAD | Arden , et. al. | ||||
| ALGOL 60 | 1962 | SIMULA (concept) | |||||
| FORTRAN II, COMIT | 1962 | SNOBOL | Griswold, et al. | ||||
| ALGOL 60 | 1963 | CPL | Barron, Strachey, et al. | ||||
| SNOBOL | 1962 | SNOBOL4 (concept) | Griswold, et al. | ||||
| ALGOL 60 | 1963 | ALGOL 68 (concept) | van Wijngaarden, et al. | ||||
| ALGOL 58 | 1963 | JOSS I | Cliff Shaw, RAND | ||||
| CPL, LISP | 1964 | COWSEL | Burstall , Popplestone | ||||
| ALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN | 1964 | PL/I (concept) | IBM | ||||
| FORTRAN II, JOSS | 1964 | BASIC | Kemeny and Kurtz | ||||
| 1964 | TRAC (implementation) | Mooers | |||||
| 1964? | IITRAN | ||||||
| JOSS | 1965 | TELCOMP | BBN | ||||
| JOSS I | 1966 | JOSS II | Chuck Baker, RAND | ||||
| FORTRAN IV | 1966 | FORTRAN 66 | |||||
| LISP | 1966 | ISWIM | Landin | ||||
| ALGOL 60 | 1966 | CORAL66 | |||||
| CPL | 1967 | BCPL | Richards | ||||
| FORTRAN, TELCOMP | 1967 | MUMPS | Massachusetts General Hospital | ||||
| * | 1967 | APL (implementation) | Iverson | ||||
| ALGOL 60 | 1967 | SIMULA 67 (implementation) | Dahl, Myhrhaug ,Nygaard at Norsk Regnesentral | ||||
| SNOBOL | 1967 | SNOBOL4 (implementation) | Griswold, et al. | ||||
| PL/I | 1967 | XPL | W. M. Mckeeman , et al. at University Of California Santa Cruz, California J. J. Horning , et al. at Stanford University | ||||
| COWSEL | 1968 | POP-1 | Burstall , Popplestone | ||||
| 1968 | FORTH (concept) | Moore | |||||
| LISP | 1968 | LOGO | Papert | ||||
| * | 1968 | REFAL (implementation) | Valentin Turchin | ||||
| ALGOL 60 | 1969 | ALGOL 68 (implementation) | van Wijngaarden, et al. | ||||
| ALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN | 1969 | PL/I (implementation) | IBM | ||||
1970s | |||||||
| 1970? | FORTH (implementation) | Moore | |||||
| POP-1 | 1970 | POP-2 | |||||
| ALGOL 60 | 1971 | Pascal | Wirth, Jensen | ||||
| Pascal, XPL | 1971 | Sue | Holt et al. at University of Toronto | ||||
| SIMULA 67 | 1972 | Smalltalk-72 | Xerox PARC | ||||
| B, BCPL, ALGOL 68 | 1972 | C | Ritchie | ||||
| * | 1972 | INTERCAL | |||||
| 2-level W-Grammar | 1972 | Prolog | Colmerauer | ||||
| Pascal, BASIC | 1973 | COMAL | Christensen , Løfstedt | ||||
| Pascal, Sue | 1973 | LIS | Ichbiah et al. at CII Honeywell Bull | ||||
| BASIC | 1974 | GRASS | DeFanti | ||||
| Business BASIC | 1974 | BASIC FOUR | BASIC FOUR CORPORATION | ||||
| LISP | 1975 | Scheme | Sussman, Steele | ||||
| Pascal | 1975? | Modula | Wirth | ||||
| BASIC | 1975 | Altair BASIC | Gates, Allen | ||||
| ALGOL 68, BLISS, ECL, HAL | 1975 | CS-4 | Brosgol at Intermetrics | ||||
| Smalltalk-72 | 1976 | Smalltalk-76 | Xerox PARC | ||||
| C, FORTRAN | 1976 | Ratfor | Kernighan | ||||
| * | 1977 | FP | John Backus | ||||
| * | 1977 | Bourne Shell (sh) | Bourne | ||||
| MUMPS | 1977 | Standard MUMPS | |||||
| ALGOL 68, LIS | 1977 | Green | Ichbiah et al. at CII Honeywell Bull for US Dept of Defense | ||||
| ALGOL 68, CS-4 | 1977 | Red | Brosgol et al. at Intermetrics for US Dept of Defense | ||||
| ALGOL 68, | 1977 | Blue | Goodenough et al. at SofTech for US Dept of Defense | ||||
| ALGOL 68, | 1977 | Yellow | Spitzen et al. at SRI International for US Dept of Defense | ||||
| FORTRAN IV | 1978 | FORTRAN 77 | |||||
| Modula | 1978? | Modula-2 | Wirth | ||||
| * | 1978? | MATLAB | Moler at the University of New Mexico | ||||
| * | 1978 | VISICALC | Bricklin, Frankston at VisiCorp | ||||
| PL/I, BASIC, EXEC 2 | 1979 | REXX | Cowlishaw | ||||
| C, SNOBOL | 1979 | Awk | Aho, Weinberger , Kernighan | ||||
| * | 1979 | Vulcan dBase-II | Ratliff | ||||
1980s | |||||||
| C, SIMULA 67 | 1980 | C with Classes | Stroustrup | ||||
| Smalltalk-76 | 1980 | Smalltalk-80 | Xerox PARC | ||||
| Smalltalk, C | 1982 | Objective-C | Brad Cox | ||||
| Green | 1983 | Ada 83 | U.S. Department of Defense | ||||
| C with Classes | 1983 | C++ | Stroustrup | ||||
| Pascal | 1983 | Turbo Pascal | Hejlsberg | ||||
| BASIC | 1983 | True BASIC | Kemeny, Kurtz at Dartmouth University | ||||
| sh | 1984? | Korn Shell (ksh) | Dave Korn | ||||
| * | 1984 | Standard ML | |||||
| dBase | 1984 | CLIPPER | Nantucket | ||||
| LISP | 1984 | Common Lisp | Guy Steele and many others | ||||
| 1977MUMPS | 1985 | 1984 MUMPS | |||||
| dBase | 1985 | PARADOX | Borland | ||||
| Interpress | 1985 | PostScript | Warnock | ||||
| BASIC | 1985 | QuickBASIC | Microsoft | ||||
| 1986 | Miranda | David Turner at University of Kent | |||||
| 1986 | LabVIEW | National Instruments | |||||
| SIMULA 67 | 1986 | Eiffel | Meyer | ||||
| 1986 | Informix-4GL | Informix | |||||
| C | 1986 | PROMAL | |||||
| Smalltalk | 1987 | Self (concept) | Sun Microsystems Inc. | ||||
| * | 1987 | HyperTalk | Apple | ||||
| * | 1987 | SQL-87 | |||||
| C, sed, awk, sh | 1987 | Perl | Wall | ||||
| MATLAB | 1988 | Octave | |||||
| dBase-III | 1988 | dBase-IV | |||||
| Awk, Lisp | 1988 | Tcl | Ousterhout | ||||
| REXX | 1988 | Object REXX | Simon Nash | ||||
| Ada | 1988 | SPARK | Bernard A. Carré | ||||
| Turbo Pascal | 1989 | Turbo Pascal OOP | Borland | ||||
| C | 1989 | Standard C89/90 | ANSI X3.159-1989 (adopted by ISO in 1990) | ||||
| Modula-2 | 1989 | Modula-3 | Cardeli, et al. | ||||
| Modula-2 | 1989 | Oberon | Wirth | ||||
1990s | |||||||
| Oberon | 1990 | Object Oberon | Wirth | ||||
| APL, FP | 1990 | J | Iverson, R. Hui at Iverson Software | ||||
| Miranda | 1990 | Haskell | |||||
| 1984 MUMPS | 1990 | 1990 MUMPS | |||||
| Fortran 77 | 1991 | Fortran 90 | |||||
| Object Oberon | 1991 | Oberon-2 | Wirth | ||||
| ABC | 1991 | Python | Van Rossum | ||||
| 1991 | Q | ||||||
| QuickBASIC | 1991 | Visual Basic | Alan Cooper at Microsoft | ||||
| SQL-87 | 1992 | SQL-92 | |||||
| Turbo Pascal OOP | 1992 | Borland Pascal | |||||
| ksh | 1993? | Z Shell (zsh) | |||||
| Smalltalk | 1993? | Self (implementation) | Sun Microsystems Inc. | ||||
| Forth | 1993 | FALSE | Oortmerrsen | ||||
| FALSE | 1993 | Brainfuck | Mueller | ||||
| HyperTalk | 1993 | Revolution Transcript | |||||
| HyperTalk | 1993 | AppleScript | Apple | ||||
| APL, Lisp | 1993 | K | Whitney | ||||
| Smalltalk, Perl | 1993 | Ruby | |||||
| 1993 | Lua | Waldemar Celes et al. at Tecgraf, PUC-Rio | |||||
| C | 1993 | ZPL | Chamberlain et al. at University of Washington | ||||
| Lisp | 1994 | Dylan | many people at Apple Computer | ||||
| Ada 83 | 1995 | Ada 95 | ISO | ||||
| Borland Pascal | 1995 | Delphi | Anders Hejlsberg at Borland | ||||
| C, SIMULA67 OR C++, Smalltalk | 1995 | Java | James Gosling at Sun Microsystems | ||||
| 1990MUMPS | 1995 | 1995 MUMPS | |||||
| Self, Java | 1995? | LiveScript | Brendan Eich atNetscape | ||||
| Fortran 90 | 1996 | Fortran 95 | |||||
| REXX | 1996 | NetRexx | Cowlishaw | ||||
| LiveScript | 1997? | JavaScript | Brendan Eich at Netscape | ||||
| SML 84 | 1997 | SML 97 | |||||
| PHP 3 | 1997 | PHP | |||||
| Scheme | 1997 | Pico | Free University of Brussels | ||||
| Smalltalk-80, Self | 1997 | Squeak Smalltalk | Alan Kay, et al. at Apple Computer | ||||
| JavaScript | 1997? | ECMAScript | ECMA TC39-TG1 | ||||
| C++, Standard C | 1998 | Standard C++ | ANSI/ISO Standard C++ | ||||
| Prolog | 1998 | Erlang | Open Source Erlang at Ericsson | ||||
| Standard C89/90 | 1999 | Standard C99 | ISO/IEC 9899:1999 | ||||
2000s | |||||||
| FP, Forth | 2000 | Joy | von Thun | ||||
| C, C++ | 2000 | D | Walter Bright at Digital Mars | ||||
| C, C++, Java | 2000 | C# | Anders Hejlsberg at Microsoft(ECMA) | ||||
| Scriptol | 2001 | Scriptol | [Denis Sureau]] at Scriptol.org ) | ||||
| Whitespace | 2003 | Whitespace | Brady and Morris | ||||
| Perl, C++ | 2003 | S2 | Fitzpatrick, Atkins | ||||
| C#, ML, MetaHaskell | 2003 | Nemerle | University of Wroclaw | ||||
| J, FL, K | 2003 | NGL | E. Herrera at Tlällian | ||||
| Joy, Forth, Lisp | 2003 | Factor | Slava Pestov | ||||
| Fortran 95 | 2004 | Fortran 2003 | |||||
| Python, C#, Ruby | 2004 | Boo | Rodrigo B. de Oliveira | ||||
See also
- Other listings of programming languages:
- Programming language
- Timeline of computing
- History of computing hardware
External links
- Diagram & history of programming languages
- Eric Levenez's timeline diagram of computer languages history
10-26-2009 08:16:03
The contents of this article is licensed from www.wikipedia.org under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details
The contents of this article is licensed from www.wikipedia.org under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details