Treaty of Hudaybiyya (628)

"In the name of Allah. These are the conditions of Peace between Muhammad, son of Abdullah and Suhail Ibn 'Amr the envoy of Mecca. There will be no fighting for ten years. Anyone who wishes to join Muhammad and to enter into any agreement with him is free to do so. Anyone who wishes to join the Quraish and to enter into any agreement with them is free to do so. A young man, or one whose father is alive, if he goes to Muhammad without permission from his father or guardian, will be returned to his father or guardian. But if anyone goes to the Quraish, he will not be returned. This year Muhammad will go back without entering Mecca. But next year he and his followers can enter Mecca, spend three days, perform the circuit. During these three days the Quaraish will withdraw to the surrounding hills. When Muhammad and his followers enter into Mecca, they will be unarmed except for sheathed swords which wayfarers in Arabia always have with them." (Bukhari)

The Meccans and their allies broke the treaty by attacking the tribe of Khuza'a within a year. The next year the Muslims march on Mecca and the City and take control unopposed.

Islam spread widely and quickly during the two years period. While those who accompanied Muhammad to Hudaybiya counted one thousand and four hundred, those who accompanied him on his conquest of Mecca two years later counted well over ten thousand. The greatest objection to those who doubted the wisdom of the pact was directed to the provision that any Quraish member joining the Muslims without the permission of his guardian would have to be returned to Quraish, and that any apostate from Islam would not have to be returned to Medina. Muhammad's opinion in this matter centered on the consideration that the apostate from Islam who seeks the shelter of Quraish is not really worthy of readmission to the Muslim community; that for the convert who wished to join that community but who was not allowed to at present, God would soon find an outlet.