Karl Emil Julius Ulrich Salchow (August 7, 1877 – April 19, 1949) was a Swedish figure skater, who dominated the sport in the first decade of the 20th century.

Salchow won the World Figure Skating Championships no less than 10 times, from 1901 to 1905, and from 1907 to 1911. This is still a record, which he shares with Sonja Henie, who also won 10 titles in the 1920s and 1930s. In addition, Salchow placed second in the World Championships three times and won the European Championships nine times (1898-1900, 1904, 1906-1907, 1909-1910, 1913). When figure skating was first at the Summer Olympic Games in London (1908), Salchow also won the title with ease.

In 1909, Ulrich Salchow first landed a jump in competition in which he took off on the back inside edge, and landed on the back outside edge of his other foot. This jump is now known as the Salchow jump.

After his competitive days, Salchow remained active in the sport, and was president of the International Skating Union (ISU) from 1925 to 1937.

Ulrich Salchow died in Stockholm at the age of 71 and was interred there in the Norra begravningsplatsen.

See also: List of Swedes in sports