Welcome to my Liberal lexicon. It is a collection of links on liberalism - as I see it - through Wikipedia. Since one can have a discussion on what liberalism is, I have chosen to make an own entrance. Generally in my approach of liberalism I follow the approach of the main internationational liberal organisations, like Liberal International and the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party. The articles itself are articles on Wikipedia and are free to debate. I have made also a user:Wilfried Derksen/Liberal bibliography.

Liberalism

• Liberalism
• Democracy
• Freedom (political)
• Individual
• Liberal democracy
• Rule of law and Human Rights
• Utilitarianism

• Classical liberalism
• Green liberalism
• Individualism
• Neoliberalism
• New liberalism
• Political liberalism
• Small-l liberal
• Social liberalism

Liberal thinkers

• Niccolo Machiavelli
• Erasmus
• Thomas Hobbes
• Baruch Spinoza (Netherlands, 1632-1677)
• John Locke (England, 1632-1704)
• Voltaire (France, 1694-1778)
• Benjamin Franklin (United States, 1706-1790)
• David Hume (United Kingdom, 1711-1776)
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau (France, 1712-1778)
• Denis Diderot (France, 1713-1784)
• Adam Smith (United Kingdom, 1723-1790)
• Charles de Montesquieu (France, 1689-1755)
• Immanuel Kant (Germany, 1724-1804)
• Anders Chydenius (Finland, 1729-1803)
• August Ludwig Schloezer (Germany, 1735-1809)
• Thomas Paine (United Kingdom/United States, 1737-1809)
• Thomas Jefferson (United States, 1743-1826)
• Marquis de Condorcet (France, 1743-1794)
• Jeremy Bentham (United Kingdom, 1748-1832)
• Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (France, 1748-1836)
• James Madison (United States, 1751-1836)
• Alexander Hamilton (United States, 1755-1804)
• Benjamin Constant (France, 1767-1830)
• Wilhelm von Humboldt (Germany, 1767-1835)
• David Ricardo (United Kingdom, 1772-1823)
• James Mill (United Kingdom, 1773-1836)
• Johan Rudolf Thorbecke (Netherlands, 1798-1872)
• Frédéric Bastiat (France, 1801-1850)
• Alexis de Tocqueville (France, 1805-1859)
• John Stuart Mill (United Kingdom, 1806-1873)
• Herbert Spencer (United Kingdom, 1820-1903)
• Thomas Hill Green (United Kingdom, 1836-1882)
• Ludwig Joseph Brentano (Germany, 1844-1931)
• Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (Czechoslovakia, 1850-1937)
• Émile Durkheim (France, 1858-1917)
• John Dewey (United States, 1859-1952)
• Friedrich Naumann (Germany, 1860-1919)
• Max Weber (Germany, 1864-1920)
• Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse (United Kingdom, 1864-1929)
• Benedetto Croce (Italy, 1866-1952)
• Walther Rathenau (Germany, 1867-1922)
• William Beveridge (United Kingdom, 1879-1973)
• Ludwig von Mises (Austria, 1881-1973)
• John Maynard Keynes (United Kingdom, 1883-1946)
• José Ortega y Gasset (Spain, 1883-1955)
• Salvador de Madariaga (Spain, 1886-1978)
• Wilhelm Röpke (Germany, 1899-1966)
• Bertil Ohlin (Sweden, 1899-1979)
• Friedrich Hayek (Austria, 1899-1992)
• Karl Raimund Popper (Austria/United Kingdom, 1902-1994)
• Alan Paton (South Africa, 1903-1988)
• John Hicks (United Kingdom, 1904-1989)
• Raymond Aron (France, 1905-1983)
• John Kenneth Galbraith (United States, 1908- )
• Isaiah Berlin (Latvia/United Kingdom, 1909-1997)
• Milton Friedman (United States, 1912- )
• James M. Buchanan (United States, 1919- )
• John Rawls (United States, 1921-2002)
• Arthur Schlesinger Jr. (United States)
• Ralf Dahrendorf (Germany/United Kingdom, 1929- )
• Karl-Hermann Flach (Germany, 1929-1973)
• Ronald Dworkin (United States, 1931- )
• Richard Rorty (United States, 1931- )
• Amartya Sen (India, 1933- )
• Robert Nozick (United States, 1938-2002)
• Joseph Stiglitz (United States)
• Hernando de Soto (Peru, 1941- )
• William Kymlicka (Canada)
• Francis Fukuyama (United States, 1952- )
• Dirk Verhofstadt (Belgium, 1955- )

Global liberalism/International liberal organisations

• Introduction article
• Liberalism in Europe
• Latin America
• Liberal International
• ELDR (ALDE)
• CALD

Liberal bibliography

• Liberal bibliography

Liberalism per country

The parties listed are parliamentary parties and other parties with substantial support

This list includes also parties which were represented in the last previous legislature and still exists as well as some banned or exiles parties (Burma, Cuba)

See also the page Political parties and liberalism

Albania

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Albania)
  • Democratic Alliance Party (Partia Aleanca Demokratike, member LI, ELDR)
  • Unity for Human Rights Party (Partia Bashkimi për të Drejtat e Njeriut) might be liberal
• Liberal leader: Stylian Fan Noli

Algeria

• Parties: Rally for Culture and Democracy (Rassemblement pour la Culture et la Démocratie) could be considered to embrace some liberal values

Andorra

• Parties: Liberal Party of Andorra (Partit Liberal d'Andorra, member LI, ELDR)

Angola

• Parties: Liberal Democratic Party (Partido Liberal Democratico, member LI)

Argentina

• Parties (Timeline of liberal and radical parties in Argentina)
  • Radical Civic Union (Unión Civica Radical)traditional progressive liberal party that joined the SI).
  • Recreate for Growth (Recrear para el Crecimiento) seems to be an attempt to form a market liberal party.
  • Union of Democratic Centre of Avellaneda (Unión del Centro Democrático de Avellaneda) considers itself to be a liberal party, others see it as a conservative party.
• Liberal leaders: Bartolomé Mitre - Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
• Radical leaders: Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear - Hipólito Irigoyen - Arturo Umberto Illia - Raúl Alfonsín - Fernando de la Rúa

Armenia

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Armenia: Republican Party of Armenia (Hayastani Hanrapetakan Kusaktsutyun), joined the ELDR group in the Council of Europe

Aruba

• Parties: Aruban Liberal Organization (Organisacion Liberal Arubiano), orientation is not clear

Australia

• Liberalism in Australia
• Parties (Timeline of (small-l) liberal parties in Australia):
  • Australian Democrats
  • Australian Progressive Alliance
  • Liberal Party of Australia, main conservative party, includes liberals
• Liberal leader: Alfred Deakin - George Reid
• Australian Democrats' leaders: Natasha Stott Despoja - Brian Greig - Andrew Bartlett

Austria

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Austria): Liberal Forum (Liberales Forum, member LI, ELDR)
• Liberal leader: Anton von Schmerling

Bahamas

• Parties: Progressive Liberal Party

Belarus

• Parties: United Civic Party of Belarus (Abjadnanaja Graždanskaja Partja Belarusi)

Belgium

• Parties: (Timeline of liberal parties in Belgium):
  • Flemish Liberals and Democrats (Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten, member LI, ELDR)
  • Party for Freedom and Progress (Partei für Freiheit und Fortschritt).
  • Reformist Movement (Mouvement Réformateur, member LI, ELDR)
  • Spirit, allied with the social democrats
  • Vivant
• Liberal leaders: Charles Rogier - Hubert Frère-Orban - Paul Janson - Paul Hymans - Paul-Emile Janson - Guy Verhofstadt - Louis Michel

Benin

• Parties: Rebirth Party of Benin (Parti de la renaissance du Bénin), might be considered a liberal party, but it exact profile is not available

Bosnia-Herzegovina

• Parties:
  • Liberal Democratic Party (Liberalno demokratska stranka, member ELDR).
  • Party for Bosnia and Hercegovina (Stranka za Bosnu i Hercegovinu) can be considered a more or less liberal party

Bolivia

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Bolivia
• Liberal leader: Hernán Siles Zuazo

Brazil

• Parties:
  • Liberal party (Partido Liberal)
  • Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement (Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro), centrist, takes a liberal position the spectrum.
  • Social Liberal Party (Partido Social Liberal)
  • Party of the Liberal Front (Partido da Frente Liberal) is a conservative party, member of the IDU
• Liberal leader: Tancredo Neves

Bulgaria

• Parties (Timeline of liberal and radical parties in Bulgaria):
  • Movement for Rights and Freedoms (Dviženie za prava i svobodi, observer LI, member ELDR)
  • National Movement for Simeon II (Nacionalno Dviženie Simeon Vtori, member LI, ELDR),
• Liberal leaders": Ljuben Karavelov - Petko Karavelov - Alexander Malinov - Zhelyu Zhelev

Burkina Faso

• Party: Alliance for Democracy and Federation (Alliance pour la Démocratie et la Fédération), might be considered a liberal party, but it exact profile is not available

Burma

• Party: National Council of the Union of Burma, member CALD, is active in exile.

Cambodia

• Party: Pak Sam Rainsy (Sam Rainsy Party, member CALD) claims to be a more or less liberal party, though some dispute this and consider it a xenophobic party.

Canada

• Liberalism in Canada
• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Canada):
  • Liberal Party of Canada/Parti Libéral du Canada (member LI)
  • Québec Liberal Party (Parti Libéral du Québec)
• Liberal leaders: Edward Blake - Jean Chrétien - Wilfrid Laurier - Alexander Mackenzie - William Lyon Mackenzie King - Paul Martin - Louis Joseph Papineau- Lester Bowles Pearson - Louis St. Laurent - Pierre Elliott Trudeau - John Napier Turner

Cape Verde

• The Movement for Democracy (Movimento para a Democracia), might be considered a liberal party, but it exact profile is not available.

Chile

• Parties (Timeline of liberal and radical parties in Chile): Social Democrat Radical Party (Partido Radical Social-Democráta, member SI) was a left of centre liberal party, but nowadays it is a social democratic party
• Liberal leaders: Arturo Alessandri Palma

Colombia

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Colombia): Colombian Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Colombiano, member (SI)
• Liberal leaders: Jorge Eliécer Gaitan - Alfonso López Michelsen

Costa Rica

• Party: Libertarian Movement Party (Partido Movimiento Libertario, observer LI)

Côte d'Ivoire

• Party: Rally of the Republicans (Rassemblement des Republicains, member LI)

Croatia

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Croatia):
  • Croatian People's Party (Hrvatska narodna stranka, member ELDR)
  • Croatian Social Liberal Party (Hrvatska socijalno liberalna stranka, member LI, ELDR)
  • Liberal Party (Liberalna stranka, member LI), ELDR
  • Party of Liberal Democrats (LIBRA - Stranka liberalnih demokrata, observer LI, member ELDR

Cuba

• Parties: (Timeline of liberal parties in Cuba):
  • Cuban Liberal Union (Unión Liberal Cubana, member LI)
  • Democratic Solidarity Party (Partido Solidaridad Democratica, observer LI, illegal)
  • Liberal Democratic Party (Partido Liberal Democratico, observer LI, illegal)

Cyprus

• Parties:
  • Peace and Democracy Movement (Bariş ve Demokrasi Hareketi), might be considered a liberal party, but it exact profile is not available
  • United Democrats(Enomeni Dimokrates, member ELDR)

Czech Republic (including former Czechoslovakia)

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in the Czech lands):
  • Civic Democratic Alliance (Obcanska demokraticka aliance, member ELDR)
  • European Democrats (Evropští demokraté, member EPP)
  • Freedom Union-Democratic Union (Unie Svobody - Demokratická unie)
  • Liberal Reform Party (Liberální Reformní Strana)
• Liberal leaders: Tomáš Masaryk - Edvard Beneš - Václav Havel - Jiri Dienstbier

Denmark

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Denmark):
  • Radical Left (Det Radikale Venstre, member LI, ELDR)
  • Left, (Venstre Danmarks liberale parti, member LI, ELDR)
• Liberal and radical leaders: Hilmar Baunsgaard - Poul Hartling - Anders Fogh Rasmussen - Carl Theodor Zahle

Dominican Republic

• Parties: The originally left-wing Dominican Liberation Party (Partido de la Liberacíon Dominicana) developed into a centre liberal party.

Ecuador

• Parties (Timeline of liberal and radical parties in Ecuador)
  • Alfarista Radical Front (Frente Radical Alfarista)
  • Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Radical Ecuatoriana)
• Liberal leader: Eloy Alfaro

Egypt

• Parties:
  • Liberal Party (Hizb al-Ahrar)
  • New Delegation Party (Hizb al-Wafd-al-Jadid)
• Wafd leaders: Said Zaghlul Pasha - Mustafa el-Nahas Pasha

Equatorial Guinea

• Party: National Democratic Union of Equatorial Guinea (Unión Democratica Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial, member LI)

Estonia

• Parties (Timeline of liberal and centrist parties in Estonia)
  • Estonian Reform Party (Eesti Reformierakond, member LI, ELDR)
  • Estonian Centre Party (Eesti Keskerakond, member LI), ELDR)
• Liberal leader: Jaan Tõnisson – Edgar Savisaar – Siim Kallas

Faroe Islands

• Parties:
  • Self Government Party (Sjálvstýrisflokkurin)
  • Union Party (Sambandsflokkurin)

Finland

• Parties (Timeline of liberal and centrist parties in Finland)
  • Finnish Centre (Suomen Keskusta, member LI, ELDR)
  • Liberals (Liberaalit)
  • Liberals for Aland (Liberalerna på Åland, observer LI)
  • Swedish People's Party (Svenska Folkpartiet i Finland, member LI, ELDR)
• Liberal and centrist leaders: Esko Aho - Anneli Jäätteenmäki - Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg - Matti Vanhanen]]

France

• Liberalism and Radicalism in France
• Parties (Timeline of liberal and radical parties in France):
  • Left Radical Party (Parti Radical de Gauche).
  • Radical Party (Parti Radical)
• Liberal and radical leaders: Georges Clemenceau - Benjamin Constant de Rebecque - Edouard Daladier - Jules Ferry - Léon Gambetta - Jules Grévy - François Guizot - Edouard Herriot - Marie-Joseph Marquis de Lafayette - Alphonse de Lamartine - [[Paul Reynaud

]] - Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber Adolphe Thiers - Simone Veil

Gambia

• Party: United Democratic Party, might be considered a liberal party, but it exact profile is not available.

Georgia

• Party: National Movement - Democrats (Natshhionakhuri Modraoba - Demokrathebi) has to develop a clear profile, but there are signs it will develop into a liberal party.

Germany

• Liberalism in Germany
• Parties (Timeline of liberal and democratic parties in Germany): Free Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei, member LI, ELDR)
• Liberal leaders: Rudolf von Bennigsen - Theodor Barth - Friedrich Naumann - Max Weber - Walther Rathenau - Theodor Heuss - Gustav Stresemann - Wilhelm Külz - Ralf Dahrendorf - Karl-Hermann Flach - Hans-Dietrich Genscher - Walter Scheel - Klaus Kinkel - Guido Westerwelle

Ghana

• Party: New Patriotic Party seems to be a liberal party, that is unclear about its international affilliations.

Gibraltar

• Party: Liberal Party of Gibraltar (member LI)

Greece

• Liberal leaders: Eleftherios Venizelos - Georgious Papandreou

Greenland

• Party: Feeling of Community Party (Atássut)

Grenada

• Party: National Democratic Congress

Honduras

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Honduras ): Liberal Party of Honduras (Partido Liberal de Honduras, member LI)
• Liberal leaders: Roberto Suazo Córdova - José Azcona del Hoyo- Carlos Roberto Reina

Hong Kong

• Party: Democratic Party
• Liberal leader: Martin Lee Chu-ming

Hungary

• Parties (Timeline of liberal and radical parties in Hungary): Alliance of Free Democrats (Szabad Demokratak Szövetsege, member LI), ELDR)
• Liberal leaders Ferenc Deák - Árpád Göncz - Lajos Kossuth – Gábor Kuncze - Károlyi Mihály

Iceland

• Parties (Timeline of liberal and centrist parties in Iceland):
  • Liberal Party (Frjáslyndi Flokkurin)
  • Progressive Party (Framsóknarflokkurinn, member LI)
• Liberal leaders: Halldór Ásgrímsson

India

• Liberal leader: Surendranath Banerjea

Iran

• Liberal leader: Mehdi Bazargan

Ireland

• Party: Progressive Democrats (member ELDR)
• Liberal leader: Pat Cox

Israel

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Israel: Change (Shinui, member LI)
• Liberal leaders: Yossef 'Tommy' Lapid - Amnon Rubinstein

Italia

• Parties (Timeline of liberal and radical parties in Italy):
  • Daisy (La Margherita, a merger of liberal and christian-democratic forces, so it includes both liberals and christian democrats)
  • European Republican Movement (Movimento Repubblicani Europei, member ELDR),
  • Italian Radicals or Lista Bonino (Italian Radicals or List Bonino)
  • Italy of Values-List Di Pietro (Italia dei Valori - Lista Di Pietro, member LI, ELDR),
  • Partito Repubblicano Italiano (Italian Republican Party, member ELDR)
• Liberal leaders: Giovanni Amendola - Count Camillo Benso di Cavour - Francesco Crispi - Benedetto Croce - Agostini Depretis - Luigi Einaudi - Giuseppe Garibaldi - Giovanni Giolitti - Ugo la Malfa – Giuseppe Mazzini -Antonio di Pietro - Carlo Rosselli - Giovanni Spadolini - Giuseppe Zanardelli

Japan

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Japan):
  • The Democratic Party (Minshu-to)
  • ’’’Liberal Democratic Party (Jiyu Minshuto) is a conservative party’’’
  • Liberal League (Jiyu Rengo)
• Liberal leaders: Itagaki Taisuke - Hamaguchi Osachi - Morihiro Hosokawa - Tsutomu Hata - Ichiro Osawa - Naoto Kan - Katsuya Okada

Kenya

• Party: Liberal Democratic Party could be considered a liberal party.

Latvia

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Latvia): Latvian Way (Latvian Way, member LI, ELDR)
• Liberal leader: Jānis Čakste - Alberts Kviesis - Gustavs Zemgals

Lebanon

• Party: National Liberal Party (Hizb al-Ahrar al-Watani)
• Liberal leader: Dany Chamoun

Lithuania

• Parties (Timeline of liberal and centrist parties in Lithuania):
  • Liberal and Centre Union (Liberalų ir centro sąjunga, member LI), ELDR)
  • New Union Social Liberals (Naujoji Sąjunga (socialliberalai), observer LI, member ELDR)
• Liberal leader: Kazys Grinius - Arturas Paulauskas

Luxembourg

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Luxembourg): Democratic Party (Demokratesch Partei//Parti Démocratique, member LI, ELDR)
• Liberal leaders: Gaston Thorn

Macedonia

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Macedonia):
  • Liberal Democratic Party (Liberalna Demokraticka Partija, member LI)
  • Liberal Party of Macedonia (Liberalna Partija na Makedonija, member ELDR)

Malawi

• Party: United Democratic Front, its liberal character is despite its membership of the LI disputable.

Malaysia

• Party: Malaysian People's Movement Party (Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia, member CALD) seems to be a more or less liberal party.

Mexico

• Liberal leaders: Benito Juárez - Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada - Francisco I. Madero - Venustiano Carranza - Ignacio Comonfort

Moldova

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Moldova)
  • Party Alliance Our Moldova (Partidul Alianta Moldova Noastra)
  • Social Liberal Party (Partidul Social-Liberal)

Morocco

• Parties:
  • Constitutional Union (Union Constitutionnelle., member LI)
  • Popular Movement (Mouvement Populaire, member LI

Mozambique

• Parties:
  • Liberal Democratic Party of Mozambique (Partido Liberal e Democrático de Moçambique)
  • Social Liberal and Democratic Party (Partido Social-Liberal e Democrático)

Netherlands

• Liberalism in the Netherlands
• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in the Netherlands):
  • Democrats 66 (Democraten 66, member LI, ELDR)
  • People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie, member LI, ELDR)
• Liberal leaders: Frits Bolkestein - Dirk Bos - Boris Dittrich - Hendrik Goeman Borgesius - Thom de Graaf – Samuel van Houten - Aletta Jacobs - Joannes Kappeyne van de Coppello - Hans van Mierlo - Pieter Jacobus Oud - Dirk Stikker - Johannes Pieter Roetert Tak van Poortvliet - Benjamin Marius Telders Jan Terlouw - Johan Rudolf Thorbecke - Hans Wiegel -

New Zealand

• Liberalism in New Zealand
• Parties (Timeline of liberal and democratic parties in New Zealand):
  • New Zealand Democratic Party takes a more or less progressive liberal position in the spectrum
  • ACT New Zealand is a classical liberal or libertarian party
• Liberal leader: John Ballance -Richard John Seddon

Nicaragua

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Nicaragua ):
  • Liberal Constitutional Party (Partido Liberal Constitucionalista, member LI), the liberal character of the right-wing is disputable.
• Liberal leader: Augusto César Sandino

Norway

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Norway): Left (Norway) (Venstre, member LI)
• Liberal leaders: Gunnar Knudsen - Lars Sponheim - Johannes Steen - Johan Sverdrup

Panama

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Panama):
  • National Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Nacional), observer LI)
  • Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement (Partido Movimiento Liberal Republicano Nacionalista)

Paraguay

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Paraguay ): Authentic Radical Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Radical Auténtico, member LI)

Peru

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Peru):
  • Popular Action (Acción Popular)
  • Union for Peru (Unión por el Perú)

Philippines

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Philippines ): Liberal Party, member LI, CALD)
• Liberal leaders: Benigno Aquino - Diosdado Macapagal - Manuel Roxas

Poland

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Poland): Freedom Union (Unia Wolnosci, member ELDR)
• Liberal leaders: Bronislaw Geremek - Jacek Kuron - Tadeusz Mazowiecki - Hanna Suchocka

Portugal

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Portugal

Puerto Rico

• Popular Democratic Party (Partido Popular Democrático)

Romania

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Romania): National Liberal Party (Partidul National Liberal, member LI, ELDR)
• Liberal leaders: Ion Brătianu - Ionel C.C. Brătianu - Theodor Stolojan

Russia

• Liberalism in Russia
• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Russia):
  • Union of Right Forces (Sojuz Pravych Sil, member IDU)
• Apple Russian Democratic Party (Jabloko - Rossijskaja Demokratičeskaja Partija, member LI)
• Liberal leaders: Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov - Pavel Milyukov - Andrei Sakharov - Grigorii Alexeyevich Yavlinskii

• Party: Popular Alliance of Sammarinese Democrats for the Republic (Alleanza Popolare dei Democratici Sammarinesi per la Repubblica)

Senegal

• Party: Senegalese Democratic Party (Parti Démocratique Sénégalais, member LI)
• Liberal leader: Abdoulaye Wade

Serbia and Montenergo

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Serbia and Montenegro):
  • Civic Alliance of Serbia (Graðanski Savez Srbije)
  • Democratic Party (Demokratska Stranka) officially aligned itself with the European social democrats
  • G17 Plus
  • Liberals of Serbia (Liberali Srbije, observer LI, member ELDR)
  • Liberal Alliance of Montenegro (Liberalni Savez Crne Gore), member LI)
• Liberal leaders: Vladimir Jovanovic

Seychelles

• Seychelles National Party (observer LI)

Singapore

• Parties:
  • Singapore Democratic Party (member CALD)
  • Singapore People's Party

Slovakia

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Slovakia): Alliance of the New Citizen (Aliancia Nového Občana, observer LI, member ELDR)

Slovenia

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Slovenia): Liberal Democracy of Slovenia (Liberalna demokracija Slovenije, member LI, ELDR)
• Liberal leaders: Janez Drnovsek - Anton Rop

South Africa

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in South Africa): Democratic Alliance (member LI)
• Liberal leaders: Colin Eglin - Tony Leon - Alan Paton - Jan Smuts - Helen Suzman

South Korea

• Parties (Timeline of liberal and democratic parties in Korea):
  • Millennium Democratic Party (Saecheonnyeonminju Dang)
  • Our Party (Yeollin Uri Dang)

Spain

• Parties (Timeline of liberal and radical parties in Spain):
  • Canarian Coalition (Coalición Canaria)
  • Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (Convergència Democrática de Catalunya)
• Liberal leaders: Manuel Azaña - José Canalejas y Mendez - Emilio Castelar u Ripoll - Adolfo Suárez - Niceto Alcalá Zamora

Suriname

• Democratic Alternative '91 (Democratisch Alternatief '91)

Sweden

• Liberalism in Sweden
• Parties (Timeline of liberal and centrist parties in Sweden):
  • Centre Party (Centerpartiet, member ELDR)
  • People's Party - Liberals (Folkpartiet Liberalerna, member LI), ELDR)
• Liberal leaders: Per Ahlmark - Gunnar Helén Lars Leijonborg - - Maria Leissner - Bertil Ohlin - Ola Ullsten - Bengt Westerberg

Switzerland

• Parties (Timeline of liberal and radical parties in Switzerland):
  • Free Democratic Party of Switzerland (Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei der Schweiz//Parti Radical-Démocratique Suisse, member LI, ELDR)
  • Liberal Party of Switzerland (Liberale Partei der Schweiz//Parti Libéral Suisse, member LI)
• Liberal leaders: Johann Escher - Ludwig Snell

Taiwan

• Party: Democratic Progressive Party (Min-chu Chin-pu Tang, member LI, CALD)
• Liberal leaders: Chen Shui-bian

Tanzania Parties:

• • Civic United Front (Chama Cha Wananchi, member LI)
  • United Democratic Party, observer LI)

Thailand

• Party: Democratic Party (Pak Prachatipat, member CALD)
• Liberal leaders”Chuan Leekpai

Tunisia

• Social Liberal Party (Parti Social Libéral, observer LI)

Ukraine

• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in Ukraine):
  • Electoral Blok Juli Tymoshenko (Viborcyj Blok Julii Tymošenko) seems to develop into a more or less liberal party.
  • Liberal Party (Liberalna Partia, observer LI)
• Liberal leaders: Serhij Jefremov

United Kingdom

• Liberalism in the United Kingdom
• Parties (Timeline of liberal parties in the United Kingdom:
  • Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (member LI, ELDR)
  • Liberal Democrats (member LI, ELDR)
• Liberal leaders: John Alderdice - Paddy Ashdown - Herbert Henry Asquith - Henry Campbell-Bannerman - Ralf Dahrendorf - Clement Davies - Charles James Fox - William Ewart Gladstone - Charles Earl Grey - Jo Grimond - William Harcourt - Charles Kennedy - John Maynard Keynes - David Lloyd George -Henry Palmerston - Archibald Roseberyy - John Russel - Herbert Samuel - Archibald Sinclair - David Steel - Jeremy Thorpe - Graham Watson

United States

• Liberalism in the United States
• Parties: The USA doesn't have a liberal party, but liberals (in the international sense of the word) are active in both main parties, mainly in the Democratic Party
• Liberal leaders: John Bayard Anderson - Jimmy Carter - Bill Clinton - Hillary Clinton - Michael Dukakis - Benjamin Franklin - Al Gore - Hubert H. Humphrey - Thomas Jefferson - Ted Kennedy - John F. Kennedy - Robert F. Kennedy - James Madison - John McCain - George McGovern - Eugene McCarthy - Walter Mondale - Nelson Rockefeller - Franklin Delano Roosevelt - Theodore Roosevelt - Adlai Stevenson - Harry S. Truman - Woodrow Wilson

Uruguay

• Party: Colorado (or Red) Party (Partido Colorado)
• Liberal leaders: José Batlle y Ordoñez - Julio Maria Sanguinetti

Zambia

• Party: United Party for National Development (observer LI)

Zimbabwe

• Party: Movement for Democratic Change