Wenceslaus Hanka (June 10, 1791 - January 12, 1861), Bohemian philologist, was born at Horeniowes, a hamlet of eastern Bohemia.

He was sent in 1807 to school at Königgratz , to escape the conscription, then to the university of Prague, where he founded a society for the cultivation of the Czech language. At Vienna, where he afterwards studied law, he established a Czech periodical; and in 1813 he made the acquaintance of Joseph Dobrowsky, the eminent philologist.

On September 16 1817 Hanka alleged that he had discovered some ancient Bohemian manuscript poems (the Königinhof manuscript) of the 13th and 14th century in the church tower of the village of Kralodwor, or Königinhof. These were published in 1818, under the title Kralodworsby Rukopis, with a German translation by Swoboda. Great doubt, however, was felt as to their genuineness, and Dobrowsky, by pronouncing The Judgment of Libussa, another manuscript found by Hanka, an obvious fraud, confirmed the suspicion.

Some years afterwards Dobrowsky saw fit to modify his decision, but by modern Czech scholars the manuscript is regarded as a forgery. A translation into English, The Manuscript of the Queen's Court, was made by Wratislaw in 1852. The originals were presented by the discoverer to the Bohemian museum at Prague, of which he was appointed librarian in 1818.

In 1848 Hanka took nsrt in tho Sifivanir eoiwress and other peaceful national demonstrations, being the founder of the political society Slovanska Lipa . He was elected to the imperial diet at Vienna, but declined to take his seat. In the winter of 1848 he became lecturer and in 1849 professor of Slavonic languages in the university of Prague, where he died on the 12th of January 1861.

His chief works and editions are the following:

• Hankowy Pjsne (Prague, 1815), a volume of poems
• Starobyla Skiadani (1817-1826), in 5 vols, a collection of old Bohemian poems, chiefly from unpublished manuscripts
• A Short History of the Slavonic Peoples (1818)
• A Bohemian Grammar (1822)
• A Polish Grammar (1839) these two grammars were composed on a plan suggested by Dobrowsky
• Igor (1821), an ancient Russian epic, with a translation into Bohemian
• a part of the Gospels from the Reims manuscript in the Glagolitic character (1846)
• the old Bohemian Chronicles of Delimit (1848)
• History of Charles IV, by Procop Luph (1848)
• Evangelium Ostromis (1853)