The Western Regions (西域) is a historical region of Central Asia which corresponds roughly with the modern Chinese province of Xinjiang.

Because of its strategic location astride the Silk Road, intersection of Asia and Europe, the Western Regions have been historically significant since at least the 3rd century BC. It was the scene of conflict between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu until the end of the 2nd century.

The region became significant in later centuries as a cultural conductor between East Asia, the Indian subcontinent, the Islamic World and the West. One of the most significant exports of the Western Regions was Buddhism, which was carried by traders and pilgrim monks to China. The Tang Dynasty monk Xuan Zang crossed the region on his way to study in India, penning the classic Record of the Western Regions upon his return to the Tang capital Chang'an.

He was questioned by Emperor Taizong for his knowledge of the geography and diplomacy of the area. This marked the resumption of Chinese political hegemony of the region, which has continued with interruptions to the present day. The term "Western Regions" gradually became antiquated and has now been completely replaced.