William Levi Dawson (April 26, 1886 - November 9, 1970) was an American politician who served in the United States House of Representatives. He was born in Albany, Georgia, and attended the Kent College of Law in Chicago, Illinois. He graduated from Albany Normal School in 1905, Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee in 1909, and Northwestern University Law School in Evanston, Illinois.

During World War I, Dawson served overseas as a first lieutenant with the Three Hundred and Sixty-fifth Infantry from until 1917-1919. He was admitted to the bar in 1920 and commenced practice in Chicago. He began his political career as a state central committeeman for the First Congressional District of Illinois from 1930-1932. He then served as alderman for the second ward of Chicago 1933-1939 and as Democratic Party committeeman after 1939.

Dawson was elected as a Democratic Representative from Illinois to the Seventy-eighth and to the thirteen succeeding Congresses, and served from January 3, 1943, until his death on November 9, 1970, in Chicago. During his tenure in the House, he served as the chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in Executive Departments (Eighty-first and Eighty-second Congresses), and on the Committee on Government Operations (Eighty-fourth through Ninety-first Congresses).

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