This article is about the summer capital of Kublai Khan's empire. For other meanings, see Xanadu (disambiguation)

Xanadu (or Shangdu) was the summer capital of Kublai Khan's empire (1215 - 1294), which covered much of Asia. Archeological findings assert that the city was situated in the present-day Inner Mongolia of China. The capital consisted of the square-shaped "Outer City", "Inner City" and the palace, where Kublai Khan stayed in summer. The palace is believed to have half the size of Forbidden City in Beijing (China).

The Mongolian Khans made very few changes to their country, imbibing much of the Confucianist and Taoist philosophies, and remodelling their government on the native dynasties they had defeated. However, they opened up the empire to westerners, allowing travellers like Venetian explorer Marco Polo in 1275 to report the wonders of the Eastern capital to their fellow Europeans.

The reported splendour of Xanadu later inspired Samuel Taylor Coleridge to write his great poem Kubla Khan and caused Xanadu to become a metaphor for opulence. Xanadu is remembered today largely thanks to this poem, which contains the following often-quoted lines:

In Xanadu did Kubla Khan

A stately pleasure-dome decree

See also

• Project Xanadu
• Xandu