The Zen garden at the Ryoan-ji

A Zen garden, a Japanese type of Karesansui rock garden, is an enclosed shallow sandbox containing sand, gravel, rocks, and occasionally grass or other natural elements. They are used by Japanese Zen monks in meditation.

Ryoan-ji Temple

The rock garden was added to provide a place for the monks to meditate and is often said to have a calming effect.

Layout

There have been many attempts to explain the Zen garden's layout. Some of these are:

• the gravel represents ocean and the rocks represent the islands of Japan
• the rocks represent a mother tiger with her cubs, swimming to a dragon
• the rocks form part of the kanji for heart or mind

A small hand-held Zen garden

It is doubtful that a Zen master would agree with these claims, however.

A recent suggestion by researchers Gert van Tonder of Kyoto University and Michael J. Lyons of ATR Media Information Labs is that the rocks form the subliminal image of a tree. This image cannot be consciously perceived when looking at them; the researchers claim the subconscious mind is able to see a subtle association between the rocks. They believe this is responsible for the calming effect of the garden.

External links

• Neuroscience unlocks secrets of Zen garden (Requires subscription)
• Neuroscience unlocks secrets of Zen garden (Mirror)
• Zen garden images and meaning