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Building and Construction Science Fair Project

Arch Diameter and Load-Bearing Strength

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Arch Diameter and Load-Bearing Strength | Science Fair Projects | STEM Projects
Does a wider dome hold less weight than a narrow one? Because full domes are difficult to build, you test this with plywood arches that share the same structural properties. You bend plywood strips of increasing length into arches that all stand 100 mm tall. As the arch gets wider, the span (representing dome diameter) increases. You hang a pail from the center of each arch and add sand in 100-gram increments until it collapses. The wider arches fail under less weight. This shows that increasing a dome's diameter without raising its height weakens the structure.

Hypothesis

The hypothesis is that increasing the diameter of a dome structure while maintaining its height will decrease its strength.

Method & Materials

You will cut plywood into strips of different lengths, arrange bricks between two fixed pillars, and fix the plywood with the bricks at the sides. You will measure the distance between the bricks and record your measurements. You will then fix a pail at the center of the arch and gradually fill it with sand. You will record the weight of the sand in the bucket when the arch finally collapses.
You will need 4 plywood sheets, a large pail, 2 bags of sand, a weighing machine, an electric saw, a ruler, and 30 bricks.

Results

The results show that increasing the diameter of the dome while maintaining its height will make the construction weaker, due to vertical stress. The hypothesis that increasing the diameter of a dome structure while maintaining its height will cause the vertical strength to be weakened has been proven to be true.

Why do this project?

This science project is interesting because it tests the strength of domes, which are used in many different types of buildings. It also shows how the shape of a structure can affect its strength.

Also Consider

Variations of this experiment include using different types of wood, such as bamboo, oak, or redwood, and increasing the width and thickness of the plywood.

Full project details

Additional information and source material for this project are available below.

Related videos

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