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General Physics Science Fair Project

Double Slit Diffraction Patterns

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Double Slit Diffraction Patterns | Science Fair Projects | STEM Projects
What happens when light passes through two narrow slits instead of one? You cut a single slit in one piece of cardboard and two parallel slits in another. Then you shine a laser pointer through each card onto a white screen in a dark room. With one slit, the light spreads into a bright band that fades at the edges. With two slits, the spreading light waves overlap and interfere with each other. This creates a pattern of alternating bright and dark bands on the screen. The pattern is three to four times wider than the single-slit result.

Hypothesis

The hypothesis is that the double slit experiment will prove that light has the properties of waveforms.

Method & Materials

You will set up the experiment by cutting two small slits in a sheet of cardboard and placing it in front of a light source. You will then place a whiteboard at the back to act as the screen. You will then adjust the distance between the light source and the screen so that the diameter of the circle of light that falls on the slits is larger than the slits on the cardboard.
You will need a light source (for example, a laser pointer), two sheets of cardboards 100mm x 100mm in size, a paper cutter, a stack of newspapers, and a white board to act as the screen.

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Results

The results of the experiment show that when light passed through the cardboard with only one slit, it was diffracted. When the test was repeated using the cardboard sheet with two slits, light leaving both the holes were diffracted. The diffracted light from the two slits met and "interfered", resulting in the interference pattern of dark and light bands on the whiteboard screen. This proves the wave properties of light.

Why do this project?

This science project is interesting and unique because it allows students to explore the dual nature of light and observe the wave-like behavior of light.

Also Consider

Experiment variations to consider include varying the size of the slits and putting pinholes into the cardboards in different locations.

Full project details

Additional information and source material for this project are available below.

Related videos

These videos explain the science behind this project and demonstrate key concepts used in the experiment.
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