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Diffraction

Diffraction is the bending and spreading of light waves when they pass through a narrow opening or around an edge.

Think of it this way

Water flows through a narrow gap in a fence and spreads out on the other side. Light does the same thing. When light passes through a thin slit, it bends and fans out instead of going straight. The spreading pattern shows up as bright and dark bands on a flat surface behind the gap.

Explaining diffraction by grade level

Shine a light through a thin slit in a piece of cardboard. The light spreads out on the other side instead of making a sharp line. The edges look blurry and soft. Light bends around corners, just like water flowing around a rock in a stream.