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Electricity Science Fair Project

Salt Water vs. Distilled Water in Electrolysis

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Salt Water vs. Distilled Water in Electrolysis | Science Fair Projects | STEM Projects
Can salt water conduct enough electricity to light a bulb while distilled water cannot? You set up two beakers with copper electrodes -- one filled with distilled water and one with sea water. A battery, a light bulb, and an ammeter complete the circuit. You measure the voltage, current, and bulb brightness for each solution. The voltage stays nearly the same in both beakers. The current, however, jumps from almost zero in distilled water to a level that lights the bulb in sea water. The difference comes from dissolved salt ions that carry charge through the liquid.

Hypothesis

The hypothesis is that sea water with higher salinity will conduct more electricity.

Method & Materials

You will fill two beakers with distilled water and sea water, respectively. Then, you will connect two copper electrodes to a battery and measure the current, voltage, and brightness of a light bulb.
You will need two beakers, 300ml of distilled water and 300ml of sea water, two copper electrodes, four 1.5V batteries, a battery holder, four jumper wires with crocodile clips, a digital voltmeter, an ammeter, and a small light bulb with socket.

Results

The results showed that the bulb lit up when sea water was used, but not when distilled water was used. The current measured was also higher for sea water, but the voltage measured was almost the same for both electrolyte solutions.

Why do this project?

This science project is interesting because it demonstrates how salt can be used to conduct electricity, which is a useful application in many everyday items such as batteries.

Also Consider

Experiment variations include varying the amount of salt in the water and repeating the experiment with different sizes and types of electrodes.

Full project details

Additional information and source material for this project are available below.

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