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Algebra Science Fair Project

Number Sequences and Base System Patterns

Hard
Number Sequences and Base System Patterns | Science Fair Projects | STEM Projects
What happens when you write a number sequence in a different base system and then read the digits as if they were base-10? Surprising patterns appear. Many of these patterns connect back to the original sequence. You take the first thirty terms of figurate number sequences. Then you translate each term into bases 2 through 20 using a spreadsheet. You read the translated digits as base-10 numbers and scan the results for repeating patterns. Twenty different patterns emerge across the bases. Most relate to the sequences that created them. Some patterns even connect sequences that seem unrelated at first.

Hypothesis

The hypothesis is that patterns will be found related to the original sequences.

Science Concepts Learned

Base Number Systems

Each time you count through all available digits and carry over to a new column, you are working inside a base number system. When the first thirty terms of figurate number sequences are translated into bases 2 through 20 on a spreadsheet, the resulting digits — read back as base-10 numbers — produce twenty distinct patterns. Most of those patterns trace back to the original sequences that generated them, and some even reveal unexpected connections between sequences that appeared unrelated.

Number Sequences

Number sequences follow predictable rules, and those rules reveal hidden structure when you change how the numbers are represented. When you translate figurate number sequences into different base systems and read the digits as base-10 numbers, repeating patterns emerge that connect back to the original sequence. The underlying rule governing a sequence persists even when its notation changes.

Place Value

A digit's worth depends entirely on where it sits in a number — the 3 in the tens place is worth 30, but shift it one position left and it becomes 300. When you translate the first thirty terms of figurate number sequences into bases 2 through 20, those place values shift completely. Reading the translated digits as base-10 numbers then produces surprising patterns across the bases. Most of these twenty patterns connect back to the original sequences that created them, and some even link sequences that seem unrelated at first.

Figurate Numbers

Figurate numbers are built by arranging dots into shapes like triangles and squares, then counting the total dots as each shape grows. In this project, you take the first thirty terms of figurate number sequences, translate each term into bases 2 through 20, and read the translated digits as base-10 numbers to scan for repeating patterns.

Binary Numbers

Binary numbers use only two digits, zero and one, to represent any value. That simplicity makes base 2 the most stripped-down alternative to everyday base-10 counting. When you translate number sequences into base 2, then read those digits as base-10 numbers, surprising patterns appear. Many of them connect back to the original sequence, revealing how binary encoding reshapes familiar numbers in unexpected ways.

Method & Materials

You will enter the sequences into the spreadsheet, creating a chart for each sequence and its translations from base-2 through 20. You will then scan the chart for patterns formed across many or all of the base systems.
You will need an iMac AppleWorks spreadsheet application's base translator, pencil, and paper.

MEL Mathhands-on math experiment kits delivered monthly — makes abstract concepts tangible. (Affiliate link)

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Results

Through this project, you'll discover twenty different patterns that demonstrate connections between bases. Most of the patterns created are related to the sequences that created them, and many patterns are related to each other even when the sequences that created them are different.

Why do this project?

This project is unique because it explores the mathematical relationships between number sequences and patterns formed by their translation into multiple base systems.

Also Consider

Experiment variations to consider include translating longer or more complex sequences into higher bases and/or using a computer program to search for patterns.

Full project details

Additional information and source material for this project are available below.
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