How does one sick person lead to hundreds in just a few days? Infectious diseases spread through contact. Each infected person passes the illness to new people. Those people then infect others.
You simulate this chain reaction by mixing solutions in cups. Only one cup starts out "infected." After two rounds of sharing, you add an indicator that turns infected cups pink.
You graph the number of infected people after each round. The pattern matches exponential growth (doubling over and over). A single bacterium doubles the same way and can reach one million in just ten hours.
Hypothesis
The hypothesis is that an infectious disease can spread quickly from one person to another.
When one cup starts infected, something surprising happens after just two rounds of sharing solutions: the count of infected cups doubles each time. That doubling pattern is exponential growth in action. As you graph each round, the curve climbs fast — the same way a single bacterium reaches one million in just ten hours. The pink indicator reveals which cups caught the chain reaction, making the spread visible in a way a simple count cannot.
When one infected cup starts a round of sharing, the illness passes to new people — who then pass it to others. As each round of exchanges spreads the clear solution through the group, the pink indicator reveals which cups got infected along the chain. A single source can seed many infections. That pattern of spread, graphed after each round, matches the same exponential growth seen when a single bacterium doubles its way to one million in just ten hours.
Method & Materials
You will simulate the spread of an infectious disease by exchanging solutions with two other students and observing the results.
You will need a cup filled with a clear solution, an infection indicator, and a graph.
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The experiment showed that an infectious disease can spread quickly from one person to another, with the number of infected people doubling after each round of interactions. The observation that stands out is that exponential growth can result in a very rapid increase in population size.
Why do this project?
This science project is interesting and unique because it allows students to observe the spread of an infectious disease in a simulated environment.
Also Consider
Experiment variations to consider include changing the number of interactions or the amount of time between interactions.
Full project details
Additional information and source material for this project are available below.