Every chromosome carries genes at specific spots called loci, and each gene comes in at least two versions called alleles. When you pair a dominant allele with a recessive one, the dominant trait shows up while the recessive stays hidden. You mark loci on a drawn chromosome and label each allele pair as dominant-recessive, which lets you predict what happens when someone inherits one of each.

The ability to taste PTC is genetic — some people experience a strong bitter flavor, while others taste nothing at all. Some traits show up and others stay hidden. You can test family members and use a Punnett square to predict whether the taster trait is dominant.

When a gene has two versions, the dominant one shows up in the offspring while the recessive version stays hidden. Each dragon chromosome stick has two sides — one dominant, one recessive — and the side that lands facing up is the gene passed to the offspring. You decode each gene pair to find out which traits actually appear.

Coat color in mice follows patterns of genetic dominance — one gene version overrides another, and the hidden version stays silent. You breed mice in four color combinations, pairing black and white parents in different arrangements. Some pairings produce only one fur color, while others yield a surprising mix, revealing which color trait is dominant.

When traits pass from parent to offspring, some show up and others stay hidden — and a coin toss models that process well. For each trait, heads stands for the dominant version and tails for the recessive one. You then use Punnett squares to predict which traits appear in the offspring.